what type of reaction is photosynthesis
light energy is used to split apart strong bonds in water mols in process of photolysis
photosynthesis ‘ingredients’ and products
combine hydrogen with carbon dioxide to produce a fuel in the form of glucose
what is formed as a waste product during photosynthesis
oxygen
whats the rate of photosynthesis determined by
carbon dioxide conc
light intensity
temperature
where is the site of photosynthesis
chloroplast
what are the 2 adaptions of chloroplasts
1 - has stacks of thylakoid membranes called grana which contain photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll arranged as photosystems)
2 - stroma surrounding grana containing all enzymes required for light-independent stage of photosynthesis
light dependent photosynthesis steps (short version)
1 - electrons excited to higher energy level
2 - electrons passed down electron transport chain
3 - this generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
4- reduced NADP also generated
light dependent photosynthesis (long version) (4)
1 - electrons excited by energy trapped by chlorophyll mols in thylakoid membranes
2 - electrons passed down electron transport chain
3 - this generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in photophosphorylation reaction
4- reduced NADP also generated as electrons transferred to NADP along with proton
how many steps to remmeber in light dependent photosynthesis
4
how are electrons excited during light dependent photosynthesis
by energy trapped by chlorophyll mols in thylakoid membranes
what is the 2nd stage of light dependent photosynthesis
electrons passed down electron transport chain from 1 carrier to next
whats 1st stage of light dependent photosyntehsis
electrons excited to higher energy level by energy trapped by chlorophyll mols in thylakoid membranes
what reaction creates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
photophosphorylation
3rd stage of light dependent photosynthesis
electron transport chain from 1 carrier to next generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in photophosphorylation reaction
how is reduced NADP formed
generated as electrons transferred to NADP along with proton
4th step of light dependent photosynthesis
reduced NADP also generated as electrons transferred to NADP along with proton
what things created in light depdent photosynthesis is carried onto light-independent photosynthesis
ATP and reduced NADP
what is light independent photosynthesis also known as
calvin cycle
what does light indepdendent photosynthesis use
ATP (source of energy) and NADP (reducing power) to produce glucose
how many steps for light independent photosynthesis
5
medium version of light indepdent photosynthesis
1 - RuBP joined CO2 in carbon fixation reaction (rubisco catalysed)
2 - RUBP coverted to 2 GP mols
3 - reduced NADP + ATP used to convert GP to TP
4 - some TP used to make glucose - then converted to essential organic compounds such as polysaccharides, lipids, amino acids + nucleic acids
5 - remaining TP mols used to reform RuBP with help of ATP
1st step of light indepdendent photosynthesis
RuBP combined with CO2 in carbon fixation reaction (rubisco catalysed)
2nd step of light independent photosynthesis
RUBP coverted to 2 GP mols
3rd step of light indepdendent photosynthesis
reduced NADP + ATP used to convert GP to TP
