Pneumonia Flashcards
(31 cards)
what are the major risk factors for respiration
smoking, low BMI, chronic illnesses, respiratory disease , resp tract infections
what are the risks for aspiration
epilepsy, stroke, chronic neurological disease, alcohol abuse
what treatments increase the risk of pneumonia
inhaled corticosteroids, oral steroids, proton pump inhibitors
what treatments decrease the risk of pneumonia
influenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccination, statins, ACE-1 (in asian patients)
what can cause pneumonia
bacteria, viruses, fungi, eosinophilic, autoimmunity, aspiration (anaerobes)
what is the most common causative organism of pneumonia
strep pneumonia
what are the symptoms of pneumonia
(infection=malaise, anorexia, sweating, rigors, myalgia, arthralgia, headache) + breathlessnessm cough with often purulent sputum, haemoptysis, pleuritic chest pain, confusion
in what type of pneumonia is haemoptysis rusty coloured
pneumococcal pneumonia
what are the clinical signs of pneumonia
dull to percussion, bronchial breathing (due to consolidation), crackles, pleural rub
what investigations are completed for pneumonia
blood, sputum and blood cultures, atypical serology (specific tests), CXR
what severity assessment predicts mortality on admission
CURB65 C-onfusion U-rea >= 7mmol/l R-esp rate >= 30 B-lood pressure systolic <90 diastolic <=60 aged more than 65
what curb score indicates severe pneumonia and ypu should admit them
3 or more
what score is a short inpatient stay
2
how is severe pneumonia treated
IV co-amoxiclav with clarithromycin
how is a mild pneumonia treated
oral amoxicillin +/- clarithromycin
how is a mild pneumonia that doesn’t require admission treated
oral amoxicillin only
what are alternative treatments for mild pneumonia
levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
what can cause a complication of pneumonia
highly virulent organism or inadequate treatment
what are complications of pneumonia
pleural effusion, empyema, lung abscess/cavitation, metastatic infection/abscesses, ARDS/ multi organ failure, death
what organisms are associated with lung abscesses which are a complication of pneumonia and how are the treated
staphylococcus-flucloxacillin, klebsiella-augmentin, anaerobes-metronidazole
how are lung abscesses and empyema treated
drainage
what organisms are associated with empyema when a complication of pneumonia
strep. milleri, and other strep., gram -ve inc klebsiella, anaerobes
MATCH THE PNEUMONIA
FUN!
alcoholic
klebsiella- opportunistic
gram -ve enterobacteria- aspiration
