PNS cranial nerves important info

Question 1

what is the smallest CN?

Answer 1

trochlear

Question 2

what is the longest CN?

Answer 2

vagus

Question 3

what are the skull openings for the cranial nerves?

Answer 3

Come On SOFia SOFia SOFia ROll OVer SOFia I AM In A Mood (for) JUgs JUgs JUgs Hello

I Cribiform plate
II Optic canal 
III Superior Orbital Fissure 
IV Superior Orbital Fissure 
V1 Superior Orbital Fissure 
V2 foramen Rotundum
V3 foramen Ovale 
VI SOF
VII Internal Acoustic Meatus 
VIII Internal Acoustic Meatus 
IX Jugular foramen 
X Jugular foramen 
XI Jugular foramen 
XII Hypoglossal canal

Question 4

what is the pathway of upper motor neurons?

Answer 4

descends through the corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri -> most cross in pyramids-> descend in LATERAL corticospinal tract-> synapse in anterior horn (lamina VII) of gray matter

Question 5

what are the 2 types of UMN?

Answer 5

pyramidal and extrapyramidal

Question 6

what is the pathway of lower motor neurons?

Answer 6

exit cord via anterior rootlets-> carried in names nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscles

Question 7

primary/ first order neurons are located where and carry info where?

Answer 7

located in dorsal root (spinal) ganglion

carry info PNS->CNS

Question 8

where do secondary/ second order neurons carry info?

Answer 8

to the thalamus

Question 9

where do tertiary/ third order neurons carry info?

Answer 9

to the cerebral cortex

Question 10

the olfactory nerves enter the olfactory bulb and synapse where?

Answer 10

on the dendrites of mitral cells

Question 11

what is the job of mitral cells?

Answer 11

relay info posterior via the olfactory tract

Question 12

what are the layers of the eye?

Answer 12

Fibrous tunic- sclera, cornea
vascular tunic- ciliary body, iris, choroid
retina- 10 layers

Question 13

what cells form the myelin of the optic nerve?

Answer 13

oligodendrocytes

Question 14

the optic tract travels around cerebral peduncles and synapse on 1 or 3 nuclei of termination, what are they?

Answer 14

lateral geniculate body- most synapse here and relay to cerebral cortex
superior colliculus- relayed to tectospinal tract
pretectal nucleus of midbrain- deal with light reflexes

Question 15

complete blindness in 1 eye indicates lesion of?

Answer 15

optic nerve

Question 16

tunnel vision indicates lesion?

Answer 16

optic chiasma

Question 17

blindness in both eyes indicates lesion of

Answer 17

optic tract

Question 18

which areas send axons TO the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei?

Answer 18

Broadmann area 8
superior colliculus
medial longitudinal fasciculus

Question 19

what muscles are supplied by the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 19

superior, medial and inferior rectus
levator palpebra superioris
inferior oblique

Question 20

the trochlear nerve has communication with which plexus?

Answer 20

cavernous (sympathetic) plexus

Question 21

what is the primary action of the superior oblique?

Answer 21

depression of eyeball; look down and out

Question 22

what are the 3 nuclei of termination for trigeminal nerve?

Answer 22

main sensory
spinal
trigeminal mesencephalic

Question 23

what is the nucleus of origin for trigeminal nerve?

Answer 23

trigeminal motor nucleus (pons)

Question 24

what branch of trigeminal carries motor fibers?

Answer 24

mandibular- muscles of mastication

Question 25

where are trigeminal ganglion found?

Answer 25

trigeminal (Meckel's) cave

Question 26

what are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve, trigeminal VI?

Answer 26

meningeal nerve lacrimal nerve frontal nerve- supratrochlear and supraorbital nasociliary nerve

Question 27

what are the branches of the maxillary division trigeminal V2?

Answer 27

middle meningeal zygomatic ganglionic branches infraorbital

Question 28

what are the branches of the mandibular division trigeminal V3?

Answer 28

recurrent meningeal medial pterygoid anterior motor division posterior sensory division

Question 29

general sensation from external ear, lateral tympanic membrane and taste information is carried to the _______ ganglion and synapses at the _______ nucleus

Answer 29

geniculate; solitary

Question 30

the greater petrosal nerve (branch of facial) comes off the _____ ganglion and joins the _____ ganglion

Answer 30

geniculate; pterygopalatine

Question 31

what are the 3 branches of the facial nerve in the facial canal?

Answer 31

greater petrosal nerve to stapedius chorda tympani

Question 32

what are the 3 branches off the facial between the stylomastoid foramen and parotid gland?

Answer 32

digastric stylohyoid posterior auricular

Question 33

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve involved in facial expression?

Answer 33

``` temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical ```

Question 34

the cochlear nerve is composed of axons from which ganglion?

Answer 34

spiral ganglion

Question 35

describe the cochlear nerve pathway

Answer 35

spiral ganglion -> organ of corti -> superior MO or cross over to trapezoid nuclei -> lateral lemniscus

Question 36

describe the pathway of the vestibular nerve

Answer 36

dendrites from vestibular ganglion -> saccule, utricle, semicircular ducts -> medial vestibular nucleus (Schwalbe) or cerebellum

Question 37

where is the vestibular nuclei located?

Answer 37

MO on floor of rhomboid fossa

Question 38

the glossopharyngeal nerve carries motor info to which muscle?

Answer 38

stylopharyngeus

Question 39

the glossopharyngeal carries sensory info from the pharynx to?

Answer 39

taste- posterior tongue parotid glands uvula palatine tonsils

Question 40

taste info from the posterior tongue comes from which ganglion?

Answer 40

inferior ganglion

Question 41

which ganglion carries visceral afferent info from the carotid body and sinus?

Answer 41

inferior ganglion

Question 42

which nucleus contributes lower motor neurons to CN IX, X, and XI?

Answer 42

nucleus ambiguus

Question 43

what 2 ganglia are associated with the vagus nerve?

Answer 43

jugular/superior | nodose/inferior

Question 44

what is the pathway of the vagus nerve?

Answer 44

MO -> jugular foramen -> carotid sheath btw internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein -> pharyngeal branch -> carotid artery -> superior laryngeal -> recurrent laryngeal -> aortic arch (left); subclavian artery (right) -> superior and inferior cardiac branches -> thorax -> esophagus -> Right vagus(posterior trunk)-abdominal cavity- duodenum, liver, kidneys, SI, prox 2/3 Li -> left vagus(anterior trunk)- abdominal cavity- stomach, liver, pancreas, superior duodenum

Question 45

what are the 2 roots of the accessory nerve?

Answer 45

cranial root | spinal root

Question 46

what does the cranial root merge with and where does it go?

Answer 46

merges with vagus nerve to the pharyngeal plexus for motor supply of the laryngeal muscles

Question 47

what does the spinal root supply?

Answer 47

SCM and trapezius

Question 48

what muscles does the hypoglossal nerve supply?

Answer 48

hypoglossus genioglossus styloglossus

Question 49

what muscle does the hypoglossal nerve NOT supply?

Answer 49

palatoglossus