Polyglobulia, polycythemia

Question 1

What is Polyglobulia?

Answer 1

Polyglobulia = Polycythemia - Elevated hematocrit

Elevated hematocrit indicates high volume of RBC in the blood.

Question 2

What are the two reasons for Polyglobulia?

Answer 2

• Increase in RBCs
• Decrease in plasma

Question 3

What is the threshold for elevated hematocrit in men and women?

Answer 3

• Men > 54%
• Women > 47%

Question 4

What are the characteristics of absolute polycythemia?

Answer 4

Elevated RBC levels

Question 5

What is Primary Polycythemia?

Answer 5

Bone marrow disorders
1. polycythemia vera

Question 6

What is Polycythemia vera (PCV)?

Answer 6

Defect in JAK2 Kinase leading to abnormal proliferation of myeloid stem cells

Question 7

What is the consequence of the mutation in JAK2 in PCV?

Answer 7

Growth-factor independent growth of neoplastic clone and low levels of erythropoietin

Question 8

What is Erythremia?

Answer 8

A form of primary polycythemia

Question 9

What causes Secondary Polycythemia?

Answer 9

Response to low oxygen levels or paraneoplastic conditions

Question 10

What are examples of conditions that can cause Secondary Polycythemia?

Answer 10

• High altitudes
• Hypoxic diseases
• Erythropoietin-producing tumors (e.g., renal cell carcinoma)

Question 11

What is Relative Polycythemia?

Answer 11

Decreased plasma volume

Question 12

What causes Relative Polycythemia?

Answer 12

Reduced blood plasma due to hypovolemia or dehydration

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The underlying cause of Relative Polycythemia is reduced blood plasma due to _______.

Answer 13

hypovolemia or dehydration

Question 14

True or False: Polycythemia vera is characterized by an increase in erythropoietin levels.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the role of erythropoietin in Secondary Polycythemia?

Answer 15

It is produced in response to low oxygen levels.