Population and Environment Flashcards
1
Q
What environmental conditions can influence how the population is distributed?
A
- Soil, resources and climate affect this.
2
Q
What is population distribution?
A
- The pattern of where people live.
3
Q
What is population density?
A
- The amount of people living in an area per square kilometer.
4
Q
What is the difference between Libya’s population density and Bangladesh’s?
A
- Libya (4 people/km squared)
- Bangladesh (1200 people/km squared)
5
Q
How has the population increased since 1950?
A
- Increased from 2.5 billion people in 1950 to 7.5 billion in 2017.
6
Q
What type of countries are experiencing higher population increases?
A
- NEEs/Developing countries such as Nigeria.
7
Q
What are 2 ways that climate affects populations?
A
- Fewer people live in desert regions but more people live in temperate areas.
- Climate change leads to rising sea levels, which encourages people to move inland.
8
Q
How does soil affect populations?
A
- Soil fertility levels determines the amount and type of food that can be produced in an area (E.G. Naples built near volcanoes).
9
Q
How does the access to resources affect populations?
A
- Avaliability to water and food affects how populations can grow and develop.
- E.G. Populations in desert regions are low due to the lack of access to water.
10
Q
What is the global trend of food production?
A
- Food production has massively increased as well as the amount of land used for producing food.
11
Q
What areas are high producers and why?
A
- North America and East Asia (Due to large funding for production and suitable, versatile climatic conditions).
12
Q
What areas are low producers and why?
A
- Central America and Africa (Harsh climate and less funding for food production)
(Topography such as mountains and volcanoes affect food production too).
13
Q
What is the trend of food consumption across the world?
A
- More developed countries such as USA and UK consume more food than Libya and Congo.
14
Q
Why do HICs consume more food than LICs?
A
- They can afford it.
- Their lifestyle is more suited to disposable incomes.
15
Q
How can the high consumption trend of HICs be misleading?
A
- Because people within HICs have varying levels of food consumption.
16
Q
How many more kgs of meat do HICs eat verses developing countries?
A
29kg more/ 30
17
Q
What is agriculture productivity?
A
- The measure of the amount of food being produced in an area via the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs.
18
Q
What is commercial farming?
A
- The production of crops/livestock to make a profit (High agricultural productivity)
19
Q
What is subsistence farming?
A
- Production of food which is enough for a family.
20
Q
What is intensive farming?
A
- Producing as much food as possible.
21
Q
What is extensive farming?
A
- The production of as little food as possible.
22
Q
Why is extensive farming better than intensive farming?
A
- Better animal welfare and care for the environment than intensive.
23
Q
What 2 categories can intensive farming be split into?
A
- Laboured intensive farming involves high utilisation of people with less capital.
- Artifical intensive farming involves the high utilisation of fertilisers and machinery.
24
Q
What is the definition of health?
A
- Health is defined as your physical, mental and social well-being in the absence of disease.
25
What is morbidity?
- The rate of disease.
26
What is prevalence vs incidence?
- Prevalence measures the number of cases but incidence is the number of new cases..
27
Why are communicable diseases more of an issue in LICs than HICs?
- Due to the lack of clean water, sanitation and healthcare as well as limited education and overcrowding of populations.
28
Why are non-communicable diseases more of an issue in HICs than LICs?
- HIc's have aging populations who are therefore more vulnerable to diseases such as cancer.
- People in HICs live unhealthier lifestyles due to processed diets too.
29
Why is the risk of mortality in LICs significantly higher than the risk of mortality in HICs?
- Due to malnutrition and the lack of health care in LICs.
30
Why does malnutrition cause death?
- The body doesn't have enough nutrients to fight off disease.
31
What is the Epidemiological Transition?
- A model which suggests that diseases in countries become more non-communicable and easier to maintain as social and economic development increases.
32
Which country has experienced the Epidemiological Transition in very quick succession?
South Korea.
33
What is soil?
- Soil is all the material found between the ground surface and bedrock.
34
How does soil formation link to climate?
- Climate determines weathering rate, vegetation type and decomposition rate.
35
What are zonal soils?
- The most matured soils.
36
What are distinct layers in the soil profile called?
- Soil horizons.
37
What are podzols?
- Soils that are located in the northern hemisphere where there is more precipitation than evapotranspiration.
38
What is the O horizon like in podzols?
- A layer of leaf litter.
39
What is the A horizon like in podzols?
- Acidic.
40
What is leaching?
- The process in which nutrients move down the soil horizons.
41
What is the E horizon like in podzols?
- Pale due to the iron and aluminium.
42
What is the B horizon like in podzols?
- reddish-brown
43
What is a hard pan?
- A hard layer of iron
44
Why are podzols not good for agriculture?
- The acidity and lack of minerals prevents crop growth.
- The hard pan prevents water from draining away making soil waterlogged.
45
What are latosols?
- Soils found in tropical rainforests.
46
Why is the A zone of latosols thin?
- Vegetation will absorb nutrients rather than them staying in the soil.
47
What is the O horizon of latosols like?
- Thick.
48
Why are latosols bad for agriculture?
- Low nutrient content leads to poor agricultural use.
- When trees get deforested, there is no protection for the soil which leads to more leaching and less fertile soil.
