Spec Globalisation Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the main dimensions of globalisation?
Flows of capital, labour, products, services, and information; global marketing; and patterns of production, distribution, and consumption.
Name 3 key factors accelerating globalisation.
Technology, transport systems, and trade agreements.
How does communication technology influence globalisation?
Enables real-time communication, digital trade, and global networks (e.g. fibre optics, mobile tech).
What are the four types of global interdependence?
Economic, political, social, and environmental.
How can unequal flows of people and money cause conflict?
Can lead to brain drain, exploitation, and uneven development between core and periphery regions.
What do unequal power relations mean in global systems?
Some states (e.g. USA, China) shape rules to their advantage; others (LICs) have limited influence and capacity to respond.
What is the pattern of global trade?
Dominated by developed economies (US, EU); emerging economies (China, India) are increasing trade power; LICs often export raw materials.
Give an example of a TNC and its impacts.
Nestlé – improves infrastructure and jobs in producing countries, but profits are repatriated and workers may face poor conditions.
How does differential access to markets affect development?
HICs have better access due to trade blocs and economic power; LICs face tariffs, limited exports, and dependency.
Name two globally traded commodities.
Bananas and coffee – major exports for countries in Latin America and Africa; prices affected by trade agreements and TNCs.
What are global norms, laws, and institutions?
Norms = accepted behaviours; laws = formal rules (e.g. treaties); institutions = bodies like UN that regulate global systems.
How does the UN promote growth and stability?
Peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, and development programmes.
What’s a criticism of global governance?
Can reinforce inequality if dominated by powerful states; some areas (e.g. LICs) are marginalised in decision-making.
What are the global commons?
Areas outside national jurisdiction: high seas, Antarctica, atmosphere, outer space.
Name two threats to Antarctica.
Climate change (melting ice) and fishing/whaling (krill and whale stocks declining).
What is the Antarctic Treaty (1959)?
Agreement to preserve Antarctica for peaceful and scientific use; bans military activity and mineral mining.
How do NGOs help protect Antarctica?
Monitor human activity, raise awareness, and lobby for stronger environmental protections (e.g. Greenpeace, WWF).
