Population_and_Environment_Flashcards (1)
(21 cards)
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
A model showing how birth and death rates affect population growth through five stages of development.
What characterises Stage 1 of the DTM?
High birth and death rates; low population growth.
What characterises Stage 5 of the DTM?
Low birth rate, ageing population, potential population decline.
Name one limitation of the DTM.
It is Eurocentric and doesn’t account for variations due to policy or conflict.
What is population structure?
The composition of a population, typically shown in an age-sex pyramid.
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum population size that an environment can sustainably support.
What is overpopulation?
When the number of people exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment.
Define underpopulation.
When a region has more resources than can be used by its population.
What is meant by optimum population?
The ideal balance where population size maximises resource use and living standards.
What factors influence population health?
Nutrition, water quality, sanitation, healthcare access, and environment.
What is food security?
When all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy life.
Name three physical factors affecting agriculture.
Climate, soil fertility, and water availability.
What is the Green Revolution?
The spread of high-yield crop varieties and agricultural technologies in the mid-20th century.
What are the environmental impacts of intensive agriculture?
Soil degradation, water pollution, loss of biodiversity.
What is malnutrition?
A condition caused by inadequate or unbalanced diet.
What is the epidemiological transition?
A shift in disease patterns from infectious to degenerative diseases as development increases.
Give an example of a disease influenced by environmental factors.
Malaria – influenced by climate and water conditions.
What is the nutrition transition?
The shift from traditional diets to processed foods, often leading to obesity and lifestyle diseases.
Name a policy aiming to manage population change.
China’s One Child Policy.
Name a strategy for managing food supply.
Sustainable agriculture or GM crops.
How does climate change affect population and food security?
Alters crop yields, increases disease spread, stresses water resources.
