Portugal Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
What does colheita seleccionada signify?
A
Wine contains an extra 1% alcohol than appellation minimum
2
Q
What does Envelhecido em garrafa mean?
A
Bottle matured, additional 3 year aging in bottle for LBV
3
Q
What do the terms ‘Velho’ and ‘Muito Velho’ signify?
A
wines that are 10-30 years, wines that are 40+ years
4
Q
What does the term ‘garrafeira’ signify?
A
Tinto - 30 months, 12 months bottle; Branco - 12 months, 6 months bottle
single-vintage
OR port style aged 3-6 years in barrel before bottled in demijohns in cellar
5
Q
Torna Viagem wines
A
Madeira, Setubal
6
Q
Largest producer of Portuguese wine?
A
SoGrape (Mateus), Quinta dos Carvalhais in the Dao
7
Q
Soil types of Portugal
A
NORTH - GRANITE (Vinho Verde, Dao, Douro, Alentejo), SCHIST (Douro, Alentejo, Trasmontano) CENTRAL - CLAY (Bairrada, Tejo, Lisboa, Setubal) LIMESTONE (Bairrada, Tejo, Lisboa, Setubal) SAND (Bairrada, Tejo, Lisboa, Setubal)
8
Q
Climate influences of Portugal
A
Atlantic, Continental, Mediterranean (in the south - Algarve)
9
Q
How many native grapes exist in Portugal?
A
over 250
10
Q
Highest altitude regions?
A
Douro, Tras-os-Montes, Dao, Beira Interior
11
Q
Major white varieties
A
Alvarinho, Encruzado, Arinto, Fernao Pires
12
Q
80% of sparkling wine in Portugal comes from
A
Bairrada (first to adopt traditional method), next Tavora-Varosa (in Terras de Cister)
13
Q
Dosage levels in Portuguese
A
Bruto Natural, Extra Bruto, Bruto, Extra Seco, Seco, Meio Seco, Doce
14
Q
Espumante “Reserva”
A
12 months on lees
15
Q
Grapes similar to… arinto
A
riesling, pinot blanc, chenin
16
Q
Grapes similar to… Encruzado
A
ripe white burgundy
17
Q
Grapes similar to… Antao Vaz
A
vermentino
18
Q
Grapes similar to… tinta amarela (trincadeira)
A
grenache, carignan, dolcetto
19
Q
Grapes similar to… castelão
A
barbera, ripe cab franc, tempranillo
20
Q
Grapes similar to… touriga franca
A
malbec, merlot, zin
21
Q
Grapes similar to… baga
A
nebbiolo, xinomavro, pinot noir
22
Q
Grapes similar to… aragonez (tempranillo)
A
sangiovese, carignan
23
Q
Grapes similar to… touriga nacional
A
cabernet sauvignon, full syrah, light petite syrah
24
Q
3 pairs of DOPs (VRs) that share the same geographical area
A
Duriense: Douro / Porto; Terras Madeirenses : Madeira / Madeirense; Peninsula de Setubal : Setubal / Palmela
25
What Portuguese VR has the strongest Mediterranean influence?
Algarve; 4 DOPs (Lagos, Portimão, Lagoa, Tavira)
26
Beneficio
mutage
27
Adega
bodega/domaine/winery
28
Armazem
cave or cellar
29
Maduro
old or matured
30
Colheita
vintage
31
One Portuguese tun equals how many liters?
954
32
Which subzones of Vinho Verde bottles still and sparkling varietal albarino?
Moncao e Melgaco
33
What is the name for Arinto in Minho?
Pederna
34
What causes the slight sparkle in Vinho Verde reds?
Malolactic fermentation in bottle
35
Most common blend for Vinho Verde
Alvarinho, Trajadura, Loureiro
36
Most common red grape of vinho verde ?
Vinhao (Alvarelhao, Espadeiro, Pedral, Amaral, Boracal, Padeiro, Rabo de Anho)
37
Soil type of Vinho Verde DOP
granite with some schist, streaks of gravel and shale near the rivers (Minho, Lima, Cavado, Ave, Douro)
38
T or F - Vinho Espumate is permitted in Vinho Verde DOP?
True - 9 months on the lees, min. 10%
39
The _____ river borders Spain, north of the Vinho Verde DOP, and south of the DOP subregions of _____
Minho River; Condado do Tea and O Rosal (Rias Baixas)
40
When was the Douro first demarcated?
1756 - Marquis de Pombal, vineyards classified as feitori and marked for the english market
41
Moscatel do Douro
Moscatel Galego Branco (Petit Grains), min. 6 months, from the town of Alijo
42
Who makes Barco Velha?
Ferreira, now SoGrape
43
Douro blend
Touriga Nacional / Tinta Roriz / Touriga Franca; Viosinho / Rabigato / Gouveia
44
Grape adapted to the Douro for resistance to heat and dryness?
Touriga Franca
45
What is ‘esteva’?
rock rose’ - common descriptor for douro reds
46
Sweet wines from the Douro are produced from what grape?
Moscatel Galego
47
What is Medieval de Ourem?
Rose of cofermented Fernao Pires and Trincadeira from Encostas de Aire (Lisboa); 40hl/ha - Ourem, trincadeira and fernao varietal wines
48
What is vino abafado?
Partially fermented must (preserved with alcohol) used to sweeten and fortify Carcavelos DOP
49
Which Lisboa DOP is authorized for aguardiente only?
Lourinha
50
Obidos makes what style
Every dry table style, blanco, rosado, tinto, espumante
51
Bucelas wines
white only, still or sparkling; 75% arinto w/ esgana cao and rabo de ovelha
52
Typical Lisboa blend
Touriga Nacional / Castelao
53
Carcavelos
licoroso 15-22%; 2 years in wood, 6 months in bottle; grapes (tinto - castelao, negra mole; branco - arinto, ratinho, galego dourado)
54
What are the DOPs of Lisboa? (9)
Arruda, Alenquer, Torres Vedras, Obidos, Lourinha, Encostas d’Aire, Bucelas, Colares, Carcavelos
55
What is “Vinho Leve?” What are two VRs that allow this style?
“light wine” Lisboa VR - max 10% abv; Tejo VR - max 10.5% abv
56
Arruda and Alenquer?
branco - fernao and arinto, tinto - touriga and castelao
57
What are the wine styles of Bucelas DOP?
White and Sparkling White (75% arinto (pederna) + sercial (esgana cao), rabo de ovelha)
58
What is the main (almost exclusive) grape of Colares DOP?
Ramisco - highly tannic (malvasia for branco)
59
Traditional vine training used in Colares DOP
Vines are planted in sand dunes, sand dug away to expose the chao rijo clay layer, reed fences are erected to protect the vineyards from salty Atlantic winds
60
Bucelas produces dry white wines from a minimum 75% what grape?
Arinto
61
min. abv of Colares?
10%, ramisco, castelao, malvasia
62
Most planted grape of Alentejo?
Trincadeira Alentejano
63
Subzones of Alentejo (Alentejano IGP)? (8)
Moura, Granja-Amareleja, Evora, Vidigueira, Redondo, Reguengos, Borba, Portalegre
64
What is Pera Manca?
A cult wine produced in Alentejo (Evora) - it was brought aboard the expedition that discovered Brazil in 1500 (Pedro Alvarez Cabral) tinto - trincadeira, aragonez; branco - antao vaz, arinto - won several medals in Bordeaux in the late 1800s
65
Alentejo blend
Antao Vaz / Arinto; Trincadeira / Aragonez (Tinta Roriz)
66
Synonym for Trincadeira
Tinta Amarela
67
Where do they make vinho de talha?
Alentejo - fermented and aged in clay amphora, often red and white conferments
68
Main grapes of Tejo
Fernao Pires, Castelao, Trincadeira
69
Where is the Portalegre subregion located?
Alentejo
70
Subzones of DoTejo (Tejo IGP)? (6)
Coruche, Chamusca, Cartaxo, Santarem, Tomar, Almerim - mostly whites, fernao pires, castelao for reds
71
What 2 mountain ranges enclose the Dao region?
Serra do Caramulo - blocks Atlantic maritime influence - continental, diurnal shift, high plateau, Serra da Estrela (highest range on mainland)
72
Dao “nobre” tinto, rosado, and branco? abv, encepagement
13%, touriga (min 15%), alfrocheiro, aragonez, jaen, rufete; 12.5%, encruzado (min. 15%), bical, cercial, malvasia fina, verdelho
73
Subzones of the Dao
Serra de Estrela, Alva, Besteiros, Castendo, Silgueiros, Terras de Azurrara, Terras de Senorhim
74
Encruzado is the prized grape for which appellation?
Dao DOP (Terras do Dao VR) most planted white, 9% overall production, 17% production white blends
75
Bairrada Classico, tinto, branco?
assemblage - alfrocheiro, baga, camarate, castelao, jaen, touriga, 12.5%, 30 months, 12 months in bottle; 12%, 12 months, 6 months, bical, cercial, fernao pires, rabo de ovelha; lower yields, same aging reqs as garrafeira
76
hl/ha for espumante de qualidade
120 hl/ha (Bairrada
77
Typical Bairrada blend
Touriga Nacional / Baga ; Bical / Fernao Pires
78
What Portuguese region has one red grape which dominates production?
Bairrada DOP (Beiras Atlantico VR) - Baga
79
Baga’s preferred soil type?
“barros” clay soil
80
What are the subzones of Beira Interior DO?
Beira Castelo Rodrigo, Cova de Beira, Pinhel
81
What are the subzones of the Tras-Os-Montes DOP?
Chaves, Valpacos, Planalto Mirandes
82
tavora varosa espumante can be branco and tinto? Yields? Grapes for tinto espumante?
Yes, 60hl/ha branco; 55hl/ha tinto; touriga, aragonez, pinot noir, alvarelhao tinta barroca
83
What Portuguese appellation was the first demarcated for sparkling wines? (also branco, rosado, tinto still wines)
Tavora-Varosa DOP (1989) 500-800m altitude, long season, pinot and chardonnay planted since 100+ years, min. 9 months on the lees
84
What is moscatel Graudo (de Setubal)?
Muscat of Alexandria
85
What is Moscatel de Setubal?
Varietal Licoroso wines made from Moscatel Graudo (Alexandria) or Moscatel Galego Roxo
86
Aging of Moscatel de Setubal
18 months
87
Minimum RS (g/L) for Moscatel de Setubal
280 for less than 20 years, 340 for over 20 years
88
Age types of Moscatel de Setubal?
10, 20, 30, 40; Superior - 5 yrs min.; Colheita - single harvest
89
Pairing for Moscatel
Egg-based deserts with dried fruits
90
What are the major grapes of Palmela DOP?
branco - fernao and arinto, tinto - castello (66.7%)
91
Setubal DOP Vinhos Licoroso is based on what grape? Name a producer.
Moscatel Roxo (row-show), Moscatel Alejandria - Jose Maria da Fonseca
92
Grape most adapted to sandy soils in peninsula de setubal?
Castelao
93
“chao de areia”
sand - ramisco
94
“chao rija”
hard soil - castelão
95
What are the major grapes of the Acores Islands?
verdelho, sercial (arinto dos acores), terrantez do Pico
96
Special viticulture in Pico DOP?
low stone walls “murinhos” separate “currais” vineyard plots
97
Which two DOPs of Acores produce fortified wines?
Biscoitos, Pico, and now Graciosa (as of 2017)
98
What is the minimum aging requirement for Colheita and Reserve Tawny Port? Reserve Ruby?
7 years; none for Ruby just better quality
99
minimum sugar levels for port - extra seco, seco, meio seco, doce, muito doce
17.5 - 40 g/L, 40 - 65 g/L, 65 - 85 g/L, 85 - 130 g/L, 130 + g/L
100
What is Barco Rabelo?
A barge used to transport port barrels - now the river is dammed and trucks are used for transport
101
DOPs of Algarve
Lagoa, Portimao, Lagos, Tavira - dry and licoroso
102
The Douro River passes the southeast border of ___, and through the regions of __and ___ after flowing down from the hills of ___ in Spain.
Trasmontano, Douro, Vinho Verde; Castilla y Leon
103
Vinho Verde subzones
Moncao e Malgaco, Lima, Cavado, Basto, Ave, Amarante, Sousa, Baiao, Paiva
104
Only sub zone exempt from the 11.5 abv. max?
Moncao - usually reaches 13 abv.
105
What causes the petillance in Vinho Verde?
malolactic in bottle - thousands of small farms produce vinho verde
106
Climate and consequent vine training of Vinho Verde
high rainfall, humid summers, Atlantic winds all make for productive terroir - vines trained high to ventilate and combat fungal disease
107
Verde’ in Vinho Verde refers to
young wine - released 3-6 months after harvest (not in relation to the green countryside)
108
What is the most planted grape of Vinho Verde and the traditional base for the wines?
Loureiro
109
What are the max yields of Vinho Verde?
80 hl/ha - HIGH
110
Most common blend for Vinho Verde
Alvarinho, Trajadura, Loureiro
111
White grapes also allowed in Vinho Verde?
Aveso, Pederna, Batoca, Azal
112
```
Quality levels of Vinho Verde:
Escolha: "select vineyards"
Grande Escolha: "best select vineyards"
Superior
Coheita Selecionada: “select harvest”
Reserva
```
“Escolha” directly translates to "choice".
Vinho Verde "classic profile”:
Min 8% to max 11.5% finished ABV
Vinho Verde with subregion labeling:
Min 9%
Max 14% potential
Vinho Verde "Alvarinho":
Min finished ABV 11.5%
113
Portuguese wine law nomenclature changed when?
2009 - with European common market reforms (DOC = DOP, VR = IGP)
114
Lancers & Mateus
"The brand was created in 1944 after Henry Behar approached JM Fonseca to make a rose specifically suited to the American palate. It was a medium sweet wine that eventually also came in sparkling renditions.
As expected, with the help of Mateus Rose, Lancers denigrated Portugal’s wine reputation. The wine is produced with Castelao. First produced in 1942, Mateus is a slightly sparkling, medium sweet rose wine that helped to destroy Portugal’s early wine reputation. At one point it accounted for 40% of Portuguese wine exports.
115
Fernao Pires is mainly grown in ___ where it is known as ___
Bairrada, Maria Gomez
116
Sercial from Madeira is known as ___ on the mainland
Esgana Cao
117
What does the term ‘garrafeira' signify? (literal meaning - “liquor store”)
Tinto - 30 months, 12 months bottle; Branco - 12 months, 6 months bottle; single-vintage, OR port style aged 3-6 years in barrel before bottled in demijohns in cellar
118
Dao Nobre aging and abv
"Tinto: 11%, May 15th year following harvest
Tinto Reserva: 11.5%, 2 years
Tinto Nobre: 12%, 3 years
Tinto Nobre Reserva: 12.5%, 42 months"
119
What is “palhete"
a red wine that allows up to 15% white grapes in the blend
120
In what recent year did major fires in Northern Portugal and Galicia?
2017
121
teinturier grape in red vinho verde
vinhao
122
Tras Os Montes espumante aging terms
Reserva - 12 months; Extra Reserva - 24 months; Grande Reserva / Reserva Velha - 36 months
123
Defining mountain range of Alentejo
Serra Sao Mamede 1,000+m - Portalegre subzne in the foothills
124
Special viticulture in Pico DOP?
low stone walls “murinhos” separate “currais” vineyard plots, they protect from wind and radiate heat at night - Pico volcano
125
adamado’ definition
sweet
126
‘claro’ definition
nouveau style wine
127
Who makes ‘Maria Teresa?’
Quinta do Crasto
128
Great producers of dry reds from the Douro
Wine & Soul (Pintas), Niepoort (Charme, Redoma), Quinta do Crasto (Maria Teresa), SoGrape (Barca Velha)
129
Portugal produces __ % of the world's cork
50%
130
It takes __ years for a cork tree to reach harvest age, and then it can be stripped every __ years
40 years, 7-9 years
131
Who makes the Douro table red "Chryseia"?
Symington
132
Grapes of Lafoes DOP (Terras do Dao)
branco - arinto; tinto - amaral
133
The major cork forests (montanos) are in what regions?
Tejo and Alentejo
134
Who discovered the island of Madeira?
Zarco the "squinter" - 15th century at the behest of Prince Henry the Navigator
135
The Two Treaties that made Portuguese wine
Windsor 1386 trade agreement with England, Methuen 1703 another trade agreement with preferential tariffs towards Portuguese wine
136
Where would you likely find the Alfrocheiro grape?
Dao and Alentejo - similar to Bastardo, berryish
137
"Discovery of Port"
1678 two englishmen traveling for a Liverpool wine merchant were enterained by the abbott of Lamego who practiced mutage on his wines (meanwhile Kopke est. 1638 and Croft were already functioning and John Clark was setting up Warre's)
138
Touriga Nacional synonyms
Bical Tinto, Mortagua Preto
139
What is the minimum Residual sugar for all styles of Port?
17.5 g/L
140
The following label terms relate to what?
Garrafeira
Reserva
Colheita Seleccionada
vintage-dated and aging req. 30 mo tinto, 12 mo branco
alcohol 0.5 % higher
alcohol 1% higher
141
What is Douro Reserva vs. Gran Reserva?
1% higher alcohol, 12% and 1 year of aging
must succeed a blind tasting panel
142
Touriga Nacional originated where?
Dao - now there are much fewer plantings, less than jaen
143
Most planted red grapes in Portugal
Tinta Roriz (Aragonez),
Touriga Franca,
Alfrocheiro,
Trincadeira
