Portugal Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Touriga Nacional
A
firm structure, black fruit
2
Q
tinta roriz aka
A
tempranillo
3
Q
Periquita aka
A
Castelao
4
Q
where is castelao primarily planted?
A
in the south
5
Q
tinta amarela aka
A
trincadeira
6
Q
where does trincadeira do best?
A
warm, southern areas - namely, alentejo and tejo
7
Q
t/f: less than 1/3 of Portugese wine is white
A
true
8
Q
most planted white variety
A
fernao pires aka maria gomes
9
Q
where is fernao pires primarily found?
A
in the south (palmela, tejo, setubal) and on the central coast (Bairrada)
10
Q
how many VR designations does Portugal have?
A
14
11
Q
“vinho verde” translates to
A
green wine - green implying youth; wine is meant to be drunk young
12
Q
two main grapes of white vinho verde
A
alvarinho and loureiro
13
Q
alvarinho vinho verde vs Rias Baixas albarino
A
VV Alvarinho - more petillant, mineral, tart
14
Q
min abv for white vinho verde
A
8.5
15
Q
red vinho verde grape
A
vinhao
16
Q
3 Douro subregions
A
baixo corgo
cima corgo
douro superior
17
Q
two main white Port grapes
A
Gouveio and Malvasia
18
Q
cadasto
A
vineyard ranking system used for Port
19
Q
How are Port vineyards classified?
A
system known as cadasto - assesses 12 factors eg altitude and yield - and ranks vineyards A to F
20
Q
lagares
A
concete or granite troughs
21
Q
this city is home to most Port lodges and is where the majority of aging takes place
A
Vila Nova de Gaia
22
Q
Why is Vila Nova de Gaia where most Port aging takes place
A
more ideal environment - minimal evaporation and/or maderization
23
Q
ruby port - aging
A
aged in cask for 2 years
24
Q
“reserve” port
A
ruby port w/ extended aging - 4-6 years
25
Late Bottled Vintage Port
single year w/ 4-6 years in cask
26
what is tawny port?
port with extended aging for the color to transition from ruby red to golden brown
27
vintage port
single year's harvest and only in great years - max 2 1/2 yrs aging before bottling - typically cellared for many years before release
28
colheita
single vintage tawny port - min 7 yrs in cask
29
what is a single vintage tawny port
colheita
30
white port is often served as an ____
aperitif
31
t/f: rose port is banned
false
32
where is Madeira?
island in the Atlantic - 400 miles off coast of Morocco
33
origin of Madeira wine
Madeira was once an important re-supply stop for ships sailing across the world. Ships would take on local wine - which were fortified to prevent spoilage - and store them in cargo holds of ship. these wines were "cooked" - resulting in an amber color and nutty, caramelized flavors
34
this island also produces Madeira DOC wine
Porto Santo
35
Madeirense DOC is used for
unfortified table wines of Madeira
36
how are vineyards on Madeira irrigated?
system of canals aka levadas
37
most planted grape of Madeira
tinta negra
38
noble grapes of Madeira
Secial
Verdelho
Boal
Malvasia (aka Malmsey)
39
Madeira has a _____ climate
subtropical
40
dry Madeira is made with these grapes
tinta negra, sercial, verhelho
41
sweet Madeira is made with these grapes
Boal, Malvasia, tinta negra
42
How is modern Madiera Madeirized?
canteiro method or estufagem method
43
canteiro method
Madeira wine is aged in cask in an uncooled warehouse. best method. min 3 yrs, some over 20 years
44
estufagem method
cuba de calor - wine placed in concrete or ss vat - hot water is circulated through a coil - process takes min 3 months
armazem de calor - wine is placed in vats in large steam rooms - 6 months to a year
45
classic styles of Madeira, from driest to sweetest
sercial
verdelho
boal
malmsey
46
colheita vs frasqueira Madeira
colheita - vintage madeira w/ 5 yrs age min
frasqueira - vintage min 20 yrs age
47
vintage madeira cask aged for min 20 yrs
frasqueira
48
main white grape of Bairrada
Maria Gomes aka fernao pires
49
lead whites of Dao
encruzado and bical
50
Dao DOC focuses on this style of wine
rich, full complex red blends
51
main red grapes of Dao
alfrocheiro, tinta roriz, jane, touriga nacional
52
What kind of wine do you expect from Lisboa VR?
fresh, crisp whites based on Arinto
fruit forward reds
53
Lourinha DOC
DOC for brandy located in Lisboa
54
this DOC is known for its unique sandy vineyards
Colares DOC
55
Colares DOC red grape
Ramisco
56
leading grapes of Tejo
castelao
trincadeira
fernao pires
57
What kind of wine does Tejo Vr produce?
significant producer of regional wine (VR Tejo) and vinho de Portugal wine
58
the 2 DOCS of Peninsula de Setubal
Setubal DOC
Palmela DOC
59
what is Setubal DOC known for
vin doux naturel wine made from Muscat of Alexandria
60
Palmela DOC located where and what is it known for
Peninsula de Setubal - sandy soils and red wine based on Castelao
61
general style of Alentejano VR and Alentejo DOC
rich, fruit forward, full
62
lead grapes of Alentejo DOC
aragonez, trincadeira, alicante bouschet
63
Where are the Azores?
1000 miles off west coast of Portugal
64
VR level wines must be made with minimum __% grapes from stated region
85
65
garrafeira
"private wine cellar" - term used by producers to indicate a nice bottle
66
reserva meaning
min .5% higher abv
67
reserva meaning for trad method sparkling wine
min 12 mo on lees
68
Colheita Seleccionada means...
min 1% higher abv
69
what kind of wine does castelao produce
big, tannic, red fruited wines
70
"casta"
variety
71
most planted red grape of Portugal
tinta roriz aka aragonez aka tempranillo
72
where can you find the finest examples of Arinto?
Bucelas
73
how were vines traditionally trained in Minho
enforcado
74
predominant soil of Minho
granite
75
portugal's first demarcated wine region
douro
76
Douro has an abundance of this soil
schist
77
least planted Douro subregion
Douro Superior
78
top 5 Port grapes
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barocca
79
Dao DOC vineyards are often planted on _____ soils
granitic
80
What helps preserve acidity of DAO wines
high elevation
81
soils of Bairrada
barros (clay) - baga
sandy soils - white grapes eg maria gomes and arinto
82
this region is the #1 producer
Lisboa
83
white wine from Peninsula de Setubal is usually a blend of...
Arinto and Fernao Pires
84
Premier grape of Peninsula de Setubal
castelao
85
Alentejano is know for ____-quality wines
low; fertile alluvial plain; mass quantity
86
this mountain range cuts off Atlantic influence for Douro
Serra do Marao
87
the better Ports and all vintage Ports come from these 2 subregions
Cima Corgo or Douro Superior
88
what is "Corgo"
a large tributary of the Douro
89
what do all the 5 main Port grapes have in common?
small berries and thick skinned
90
benefits of crushing grapes by foot
treading breaks the grapes, crushes the skins, and then mixes the skins with the juice for flavor and color extraction - all this without smashing the seeds (seeds contain very bitter tannins)
91
port typically has about __ g/l of residual sugar
70
92
port typically has about __ ABV
20%
93
bottle-aged port characteristics
chocolatey, red fruit flavors
94
the age listed on the label of a Tawny Port means..
the average age of all the wines used in the bottle
95
give some examples of Reserve Ports
dow's "AJS"
Fonseca's "Bin 27"
Warre's "Warrior"
96
what is a Reserve Port
"every-night" Port - often propreitary names - blend of wine that averages 4-6 yrs in barrel before being bottled and released. bold red berry flavors
97
this recent vintage of Port is considered one of the best of all time
2017
98
t/f: over 15 grapes are authorized for Madeira production
true
99
quality levels of Madeira
3 yr old Madeira
5 yr old reserve Madeira
10 yr old Special Reserve Madeira
15 Year Old Extra Reserve Madeira
Solera Madeira
Colheita Madeira
Frasqueira
100
benefits of pergola training
other crops can be planted beneath
101
Where are you most likely to find Antao Vaz?
alentejo. often blended w/ arinto
102
where is Encruzado a leading grape?
Dao
103
Where is Bastardo grown and what can you tell me about it?
native to Jura where it is known as Trousseau. found in Douro and Dao
104
this region lies on a high granite plateau 1300-1600ft above sea level
Dao
105
Bairrada soils
Bairrada's name is derived from "barro" - aka Clay. clay studded w/ limestone
106
"adega"
winery
107
"maduro"
mature
108
"vinha"
vineyard
109
engarrafado (na origem)
estate bottled
110
"herdade"
farm or estate
111
Duriense VR is typically used for...
wines made from international varieties
112
t/f: most Algarve wine is sold under Algarve VR rather than its DOCs
true
113
red Vinho Verde is very _____
fruity
114
prestigious northern subregion of Vinho Verde, known for Alvarinho
Moncao e Melgaco - hills shelter this region from the ocean - grapes ripen fully here
115
why is Baixo Corgo considered the worst subregion for quality Ports
too damp
116
why has Port traditionally been treaded in lagares?
in standard wine - color and flavors and tannins are extracted over time during course of fermentation. Port's fermentation is artificially cut short - requiring the need to extract color, flavor, tannins w/ the quickness
117
how is Port produced?
Run partially fermented wine into a tank or barrel a quarter full of grape spirit
118
the vineyards of Colares and Carcavelos have been reduced due to...
urban sprawl
119
Colares white grape
Malvasia de Colares
120
what kind of wine does Carcavelos DOC produce
fortified wine, red and white
121
t/f: portugese wines are typically blends
true
122
this grape, unusually for Portugal, is typically not blended in Bairrada
Baga
123
the story of Madeira
"madeira" = wood in Portugese
124
Where is Antao Vaz the white variety of choice?
Alentejo
125
t/f: Antao Vaz is typically used to create varietal wines, not blends
true
126
what kind of wine does Antao Vaz produce?
wide range of styles; typically ripe, tropicaly, fruity
127
Alentejo wines are typically...
rich, ripe, jammy
128
does Lisboa produce more red wine or white wine?
white wine
129
t/f: Lisboa producers are quantity-focused, rather than quality focused
true
130
this DOC makes some of Lisboa's best reds
Alenquer DOC
131
Obidos DOC is located where and produces what style of wine?
Lisboa - sparkling
132
What's unique about Setubal's WM process?
skins macerate with the wines for up to 6 months - results in very high aromatics
133
significance of these years
1250
1386
1419
1250 - Moors expelled; Portugal nationalized
1386 - Treaty of Windsor signed
1419 - Madeira discovered and colonized
134
When did Port wine come to fame and why?
1678 - two Englishmen visited Douro and "discovered" Port wine. Started shipping Port back to England where it did very well in the market. In the late 17th century, England enacted bans and tariffs of French goods, creating a void in the market Port was able to fill
135
this grape typically dominates the blends of Vinho Verde
loureiro
136
what mountain ranges does the Douro River flow between
Marao
Montemuro
137
this grape compares to Chardonnay
Encruzado
138
What species of oak tree is primarily used for cork production?
quercus suber
139
where is blending Syrah with native grapes common?
tejo
