Spain Flashcards
(210 cards)
1
Q
governing body that oversees individual DOs
A
Consejo Regulador
2
Q
world’s most planted white variety
A
airen
3
Q
the 3 general climates of Spain
A
NW - maritime
central - continental
eastern and southern coasts - mediterranean
4
Q
When did viticulture begin in Spain
A
1100 BC- when southern Spain was settled by the Phoenicians
5
Q
What happened after France was hit by phylloxera?
A
Heightened demand for Spanish wine - and increasing French influence
6
Q
Mazuelo is another name for this variety
A
Carinena
7
Q
t/f: tempranillo is an early ripening variety
A
true
8
Q
Spain is divided into __ autonomous communities
A
17
9
Q
What is Vino de la Tierra?
A
“Wine of the Land” - IGP Level correspondant - labeled w/ broad geographic unit, usually an autonomous community
10
Q
Spain’s quality pyramid
A
Vino de Mesa
Vino de la Tierra
VC/VCIG - Vino de Calidad
DO
DOCa
Vino de Pago
11
Q
Aging Reqs for Spanish white and rose
A
18 (6)
2 (6)
4 (6)
12
Q
Aging reqs for Spanish red
A
2 (6)
3 (12)
5 (18)
13
Q
5 years of aging with 18 mo in oak is the aging req for..
A
Gran Reserva (red)
14
Q
18 months aging w/ 6 mo in oak is the aging req for
A
white/rose crianza
15
Q
Reqs for noble, anejo, and viejo
A
noble - 18 months aging
anejo - 2 years aging
viejo - 3 years aging w/ oxidative character
16
Q
req for anejo
A
2 years aging
17
Q
Spanish white wine w/ 2 years of age including 6 in cask qualifies for…
A
Reserva
18
Q
“Cosecha”
A
vintage
19
Q
spanish term for sparkling
A
espumoso
20
Q
“finca”
A
farm/estate
21
Q
what is a rancio wine?
A
Wine aged in only partially filled casks - oxidative character - usually high ABV
22
Q
What does “roble” indicate
A
young wine w/ BRIEF oak influence
23
Q
“vina” “vinedo”
A
vineyard
24
Q
5 DOs of Galicia
A
Rias Baixes
Ribeiro
Ribeira Sacra
Valdeorras
Monterrei
25
What is north of Galicia?
Bay of Biscay
26
four of the five DOs of Galicia are centered around this river
Mino
27
Galicia's only DO that focuses on red wine
Ribeira Sacra DO
28
Ribeiro DO is best known for this grape
Treixadura
29
What does Treixadura bring to a blend?
bigger body
30
what does Loureira bring to a blend?
acidity
31
Where are you most likely to find Caino Tinto?
Ribeiro DO
32
How are vines traditionally planted in Rias Baixes?
Pergola
33
wines labeled as Rias Baixes Albarino must be __% Albarino
100
34
the 3 important subzones of Rias Baixes
O Rosal
Condado do Tea
Val do Salnes
35
Ribeira Sacra DO vineyards grow on steep slopes facing these rivers
Mino and Sil
36
What does "colleiteiro" mean?
vigneron (Galician)
37
adega meaning
winery
38
Rioja stretches for about __ miles
62
39
When was Rioja awarded DOCa status?
1991
40
Rioja Alta's historic center of production
Haro
41
What does Garnacha add to a Rioja blend?
elevates the body + adds juicy ripe fruit
42
From which region of Rioja are you most likely to find Garnacha?
Rioja Oriental
43
What does Graciano add to a Rioja blend?
elevates the acidity
44
What does Mazuelo add to a Rioja blend?
tannins and pigment
45
What does Mazuelo add to a Rioja blend?
tannins and pigment
46
soils of Rioja Alta and Alavesa
marl
47
soils of Rioja Oriental
clay alluvial
48
warmest subregion of Rioja
Rioja Oriental
49
traditional vs modern Rioja producers
traditional - used American Oak with extended aging
modern - new French Oak w/ less aging
50
Rioja red aging reqs
crianza - 2 (1)
reserva - 3 (1)
gran reserva - 5 (2)
51
Where is Barcelona found?
Catalonia
52
t/f: Penedes DO is restricted to sparkling wine
false - red, white, rose, still, dry or sweet, sparkling all allowed
53
Where is Scala Dei and what is it?
Priorat - historic Carthusian monastary - laid the groundwork for Priorat
54
what is llicorella soil and why is it special?
black slate + quartz soil. great drainage
55
Talk about Priorat's vine situation
Steep slopes on llicorella soils - black slate, rocky - poor soil severely limits yields
56
Samso aka
Carinena
57
2nd most important red grape of Priorat
Carinena aka Samso in Priorat
58
the gyropallete was popularized in...
Spain
59
3 main grapes of Cava
Macabeo, Xarel-lo, Parellada
60
Cava age classifications
Cava - 9 mo lees
Reserva - 18 mo lees
Gran Reserva - 30 mo lees
Cava de Paraje - 36 mo lees
61
Cava de Paraje reqs
36 mo lees - single estate wine, hand harvested, 10 yr + age of vines, vintage
62
Cava lees aging req
9 months
63
What is Classic Penedes?
Subclassification of Penedes DO. generally used by former Cava producers that have a stronger focus on quality. stricter reqs than Cava
64
What is Corpinnat?
"Heart of Penedes" - producer association - stricter reqs than Cava:
organic + hand harvest, focus on historical grapes, 18 mo aging
65
Tarragona DO is known for production of..
Vermouth
66
Moscatel aka
Muscat of Alexandria
67
What is "Levante" and "Poniente"
two important winds affecting Jerez
68
What is albariza soil?
famous soil of Jerez - occupies 80% of region - white chalky soil that retains moisture and reflects sunlight
69
3 soils of Jerez
Albariza - white chalk
barros - clay
arenas - sandy
70
what is Sherry fortified with?
mixture of grape spirit + old Sherry
71
what kind of barrel is used for Soleras?
used American Oak aka Butts
72
how is the stylistic fate of Sherry determed?
cellarmaster tastes each batch of initial base wine and makes determination for oxidative or biological aging future
73
"sobretables" refers to..
intermediate stage of aging (Sherry)
74
oloroso sherry has a distinct ____ character
nutty
75
"en rama" Sherry
unfiltered
76
Pale Cream Sherry
sweeted Fino
77
Which is sweeter: Pale Cream or Medium
Medium
78
Medium Sherry
sweetened Amontillado
79
Cream Sherry
sweeter than Pale Cream and Medium; Oloroso is base
80
How is PX Sherry made?
sun dried grapes
81
aging terms for Sherry
VOS - average age min 20 yrs
VORS - average age min 30 yrs
82
These islands are located off the coast of Northern Africa
Canary Islands
83
The two island autonomous communities
Balearic Islands
Canary Islands
84
two most important Canary Islands
Tenerife
Lanzarote
85
Where are the Balearic Islands?
off the coast of Catalonia in the Mediterranean
86
soil of the Canary Islands
volcanic
87
t/f: vines on the Canary Islands are typically own-rooted
true
88
what are "hoyos"
deep volcanic ash pits - used in the Canary Island Lanzarote
89
Palomino is known as ____ ______ in the Canary Islands
Listan Blanco
90
Mission is known as ______ _____ on the Canary Islands
Listan Prieto
91
main white grapes of Canary Islands
Listan Blanco aka Palomino
Malvasia
92
red grapes of Canary Islands
Listan Negro
Listan Prieto
Negramoll
93
tallest Mountain of Spain
Mount Teide (Tenerife)
94
What makes Lanzarote's landscape unique
6 year long volcanic eruption in 1730 - black, volcanic soils - very harsh, windy requires use of hoyos
95
Which Canary Island has the most DOs?
tenerife (5 out of 10 CI DOs)
96
hub of Canary Islands' wine industry
tenerife
97
Ribera del Duero must be at least __% Tempranillo
75
98
Bierzo is situated along this river
Sil River
99
soils of Bierzo
slate and granite
100
vega sicilia's flagship wine
Unico
101
blending grapes of RdD
Bordeaux varities - cab sauv, merlot, malbec - and some garnacha
102
t/f: carinena is not allowed in RdD
true
103
most important grape of Basque Country
Hondarrabi Zuri
104
this DO's sandy soils resisted phylloxera until 1980s
Jumilla DO
105
What happened when Jumilla DO was hit with phylloxera
pre-phylloxera Jumilla focused on bulk wine- after replantings producers pivoted to a quality-focus
106
Where is Fondillon made?
Alicante DO
107
Where is Alicante DO and what is its focus?
Valencia - Monastrell - Fondillon
108
t/f: Spain has more than 2.5 m acres under vine
true
109
almost 60% of spain lies above ____ ft in elevation
2000
110
spain's vineyards are largely devoted to ______ grape varities
indigenous
111
tempranillo is known as _____ in La Mancha
Cencibel
112
Name for Tempranillo in Catalonia
Ull de Llebre
113
How many DOs does Spain have?
68
114
What does "Joven" indicate
means "young" - wine released yr after it was made
115
What kind of wine is Cigales DO known for?
reds and rosado based on tempranillo; rosado often blended w/ garnarcha
116
main white grape of Ribera del Duero
Albilo Mayor
117
Navarra is seeing more plantings of _____ varities
international
118
Rioja and RdD aging reqs (reds)
2 (1)
3(1)
5(2)
119
gran reserva Rioja must see at least __ months in barrel
24
120
t/f: trad method sparkling wines are produced in Rioja
true
121
most of Tarragona DO's production is focused on this style..
full bodied aromatic whites
122
non-contiguous DO of Catalonia - focuses on blended of indigenous and internation grapes
Costers del Segre
123
Chardonnay is the _ most planted grape of Penedes
2nd
124
DO surrounded by La Mancha DO
Valdepenas DO
125
3 DOs of Murcia
Yecla, Jumilla, Bullas
126
top 2 export destinations of Sherry
Britain + the Netherlands
127
Sherry lies within ...
Andalusia
128
Sherry Triangle
Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
129
PX prefers this soil
barros
130
Moscatel prefers this soil
arenas
131
"soleo" re: Sherry
process of drying grapes
132
When was Cava first produced?
1872
133
Cava DO introduced these two tiers in 2021
Cava de Guarda
Cava de Guarda Superior
134
Cava de Guarda and Cava de Guarda reqs
9 mo lees / 18 mo lees -both with additional production standards
135
why does Spain rank 3rd in production despite having the most acreage under vine?
Spain has lots of old, low yielding vines planted on infertile land
136
When did phyloxxera hit Rioja?
1901
137
Rioja's "Vintage of the Century"
1970
138
unofficial capital of Rioja
Haro
139
t/f: Albillo Mayor is a parent of Tempranillo
true
140
what grapes are used for Rioja's Espumosos de Calidad de Rioja
any of the allowable grapes
141
generico
no aging reqs
142
Where is "Pingus" made?
Ribera del Duero - by winery of same name
143
tinto fino found in RdD versus tempranillo found in Rioja
RdD - tinto fino has smaller berries and thicker skin
144
soils of RdD
nearer the river: marl, stones, sand
upper slopes (more prestigous) - more limestone and clay
145
Palomino is extremely _____ acidity and extremely ____-yielding
low, high
146
which is sweeter: px or cream sherry?
px
147
Sherry barrels are on average how old?
currently: 100 years old, roughly
148
what is special about flor yeasts?
they consume alcohol and oxygen and create acetaldehyde
149
what flavors and aromas does acetaldehyde result in
nuts and bruised apples
150
manzanilla vs fino
manzanilla is a fino made in sanlucar de barrameda - oceanside town with lots of humanity: results in a stronger layer of flor than allows even less oxidative influence than finos made inland
151
how are amontillado Sherries made?
fino sherries are fortified and then placed in a seperate solera
152
what is "cooking sherry"
base wine that is salted and doctored
153
does oloroso use free run juice or pressed juice?
pressed juice
154
which style moves quicker thru solera: fino or oloroso?
fino
155
Where is Montserrat Massif?
north of Barcelona
156
what does "cava" mean
Catalan for "cave"
157
Name a reason why Albarino does well in Rias Baixes
Albarino is thick skinned and resistant to moisture-induced disease
158
Origin of Priorat
in the middle ages (1163) - villager had a vision of angels descending a stairway from heaven - the next year, the King of Aragon founded a village (Scala Dei) and monestery on the spot
159
spanish term for old vines
velles vinyes
160
This region is a small, monastic region of a few tiny villages around an ancient monastery
Priorat
161
Priorat's classification system
DOQ Priorat - basic level
Vi de Vila - village wines
Vi de Paratge - wines from historically respected area (think climat)
Vinya Classificada - single vineyard
Gran Vinya Classificada - Grand Cru
162
What is unique about Priorat's classification system
classification includes requirements on age of vines
163
t/f: Priorat producers favor American oak
FALSE - contrary to Rioja and RdD - French Oak is preferred
164
two great DOs for Garnacha in Spain
Calatayud and Campo de Borja
165
White grape of Ribeira Sacra
Godello
166
viticultural assets of Ribeira Sacra
lots of old vine, cooling influence from atlantic, granite/slate/limestone soils
167
Rueda is home to some of the ______ white grape grapevines in the world
oldest
168
Spain's best selling white wine
Rueda
169
name a few "other" grapes allowed in Cava production
pn, chard, trepat, garnacha, monastrell
170
How are vines often trained in Spain?
bush
171
why are vines often spaced far apart in Spain?
very dry and lots of sunshine - irrigation is expensive - dry soils can only support limited amount of vines
172
embotellado (en origen)
estate bottled
173
vino generoso
fortified wine
174
why are many vines in Toro ungrafted?
sandy soils - inimical to phylloxera
175
most planted white grape of Navarra
Chardonnay
176
top 3 red grapes of navarra
tempranillo, garnacha, cab sauv
177
which is more common in Navarra: french oak or american oak
french oak
178
Rioja has one of the ______ growing seasons of Spain
longest
179
This Catalonian DO is well known for international varities
Penedes DO
180
What does Montsant DO lack that Priorat DOCa has?
llicorella soils
181
biggest influence from Bordeaux
introduction of barrique aging
182
source of the Ebro river
Cantabrian mountains
183
t/f: cab sauv is not allowed in Rioja
false - "experimental grapes" may constitute up to 15% of blend
184
Rioja stretches from Haro to ____
Alfaro
185
t/f: Carbonic maceration is sometiems used for Joven Rioja wine
true
186
what levels of sweetness are allowed re: Vino Espumoso de Calidad (Rioja)
brut, extra brut, nature
187
"calidad"
quality
188
What is Ribeira Sacra named for?
"sacred bank" - a lot of churches
189
What are the wines of Pais Vasco like?
low abv, high acidity, light effervescence
190
"y"
and
191
"de"
of
192
What DO does Bierzo border?
Valdeorras DO
193
When did RdD really start to take off?
1980s
194
Besides Chard and SB, what other grapes may be blended in Rueda?
Viognier + Chardonnay
195
What is clarete wine and where are you most likely to find it?
red grapes + white grapes co-fermented together. primarily RdD and Cigales
196
world's largest producer of sparkling wine
freixenet
197
Valencia DO focuses primarily on (white/red/rose) wine based on this grape
white - merseguera
198
This DO is known for producing Fondillon
Alicante DO
199
sherry vs fondillon
fondillon is not fortified and does not carry the flavor of wood
200
castilla la-mancha DO Pagos producers all produce this style of wine
international blends
201
"condado"
county
202
what is an archipelago
a group of islands
203
t/f: phylloxera has never reached the canary islands
true
204
Name a couple other grapes allowed in white Rioja
Garnacha Blanca, Malvasia, SB, Verdejo, Chard
205
white wine of Priorat is typically based on ...
garnacha blanca
206
typical use(s) for Airen
blending, bulk, brandy
207
t/f: vineyards in RdD are some of the highest in Spain
true
208
traditional aging vessels used in Rioja
225-L American Oak
209
define "soleo"
process of drying grapes in the sun
210
"Anada" Sherry
single vintage sherry
