Post Midterm 2 (Part 1)

Question 1

Blood makes up ___ of the body’s ECF.

Answer 1

1/4

Question 2

Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrinogen are __________.

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

____________ are part of leukocytes (WBC) and become macrophages in tissues.

Answer 3

Monocytes

Question 4

____________ are part of leukocytes and produce histamine.

Answer 4

Basophils

Question 5

Neutrophils __ Lymphocytes

Answer 5

>

Question 6

Hematopoeisis occurs in the bone marrow. The synthesis of blood cells; ____ become RBC and _____ become WBC.

Answer 6

25%

75%

Question 7

Megakaryocytes are ____________.

Answer 7

Platelets

Question 8

Hypoxia is sensed by the ________ cells, which creates erythropoietin.

Answer 8

Kidney

Question 9

Decreased RBC production can be caused by _______________ and dietary insufficiencies.

Answer 9

Aplastic anemia

Question 10

If your blood type is A …

Antigen on RBC ___.

Antibodies in plasma ___.

Answer 10

A antigens

B antibodies

Question 11

If your blood type is O …

Antigen is _____.

Antibodies is ______.

Answer 11

NO A or B antigens

Anti-A and Anti-B

Question 12

If your blood type is AB …

Antigens _______.

Antibodies _________.

Answer 12

A + B Antigens

NO A or B antibodies.

Question 13

AB (Rh+) is the universal ____________.

Answer 13

Acceptor

Question 14

O (Rh-) is the universal __________.

Answer 14

Donor

Question 15

What are the steps to Hemostasis?

Answer 15

1 Vasoconstriction
2 Platelet Plug Formation
3 Coagulation (Formation of Clot)
4 Fibrinolysis

Question 16

The enzyme responsible for the dissolution of a clot is __________.

Answer 16

Plasmin

Question 17

The UPPER respiratory system consists of …

Answer 17

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 18

The LOWER respiratory system consists of …

Answer 18

Trachea 
L/R Primary Bronchi
Smaller bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 19

What is the Law of Laplace?

Answer 19

P = 2T/r

Question 20

Type I alveolar cells are responsible for _____ exchange.

Answer 20

Gas

Question 21

Type II alveolar cells make and secrete ___________ that help the alveoli to expand easier and prevent them from collapsing.

Answer 21

Surfactant

Question 22

The Transpulmonary Pressure is 4mmHg which is determined by P(alv) - P(ip).

Answer 22

Intra-alveolar pressure (Palv)
Intrapleural pressure (Pip)

Question 23

Total pulmonary ventilation =

Answer 23

Ventilation rate * Tidal volume

~6L/min

Question 24

Alveolar ventilation =

Answer 24

Ventilation rate * (Vt - dead space volume)

~4.2 L/min

Question 25

Oxygen enters the blood at the __________-capillary interface. Oxygen is transported in blood via plasma of bound to ____________.

Answer 25

Alveolar | Hemoglobin

Question 26

Emphysema is the destruction of alveoli. The _______ area and ______________ gradient are affected.

Answer 26

Surface | Concentration

Question 27

Asthma is increased airway resistance. The _____________ gradient (partial pressure) is affected.

Answer 27

Concentration

Question 28

Fibrotic lung disease is thickened alveolar membrane. The _____________ gradient and __________ are affected.

Answer 28

Concentration | Distance

Question 29

Pulmonary edema is fluid in interstitial space. The ___________ is affected.

Answer 29

Distance

Question 30

In the regulation of ventilation, CO2 is sensed by _____________.

Answer 30

Medullary chemoreceptors

Question 31

In regulation of ventilation, ⬇️PO2 and | ⬆️[H+] are sensed by __________ and _____________ chemoreceptors.

Answer 31

Aortic | Carotid

Question 32

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

Answer 32

Cortical nephron | Juxtamedullary nephron

Question 33

The Vasa recta are responsible for the ________________.

Answer 33

Loop of Henle

Question 34

What are some functions of the Kidney?

Answer 34

``` 1 Regulate ECF volume and BP 2 Regulate osmolarity 3 Maintain ion balance 4 Excretion of wastes 5 Production of hormones 6 Homeostatic regulation of pH ```

Question 35

The nephron is made up of ____________ cells; cuboidal, squamous, and columnar.

Answer 35

Epithelial

Question 36

What influences the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

Answer 36

Hydrostatic pressure (Ph) Colloid osmotic pressure gradient (pi) Fluid pressure within Bowman's capsule (Pfluid)

Question 37

_______________ allows fluid to move easily across Glomerular endothelium ➡️ _____________ ➡️ Podocyte

Answer 37

Fenestration | Basal lamina

Question 38

Net filtration pressure =

Answer 38

Ph - Pi - Pfluid (55)-(30)-(15) 10mmHg