Poultry A26-35 Flashcards
(291 cards)
1
Q
what do birds eat
A
seeds
2
Q
how to increase feed intake in birds
A
make feed look like seeds
3
Q
what are ducks beaks good for
A
filtering water but not picking up solid feed
4
Q
how to geese feed
A
grazing
5
Q
saliva in poultry
A
v small amounts
6
Q
function of gizzard
A
grinds feed into smaller pieces
7
Q
what type of food grind food
A
grits
8
Q
transit time of birds
A
small intestine is small so short trasnit time
low time for absorb[ption
9
Q
why can antinutritives be digested
A
amylase cant break bonds
10
Q
viscosity of small intestine
A
high in narrow lumen so antinutritives bind to water soluble nutrients
11
Q
vitelline diverticulum
A
former yolk sac
12
Q
vitelline diverticulum
A
former yolk sac
13
Q
caecum of birds
A
v small
only 10% of feed ends up there
14
Q
feed energy to protein ratio
A
60-70% energy
30-40% protein
15
Q
essential FA in birds
A
linoleic acid
deficiecny leads to decreased growth and skin problems
16
Q
function of mash
A
decrease feed intake
17
Q
ideal feed for young birds
A
crumbles
18
Q
cereals for birds
A
corn
wheat
barley
orat
19
Q
legumes for birds
A
field peas
horse bean
lupin
soybean
20
Q
extracted meals for birds
A
soybean meal
extracted sunflower meal
extracted rapeseed
21
Q
function of dilution of energy density
A
to avoid fast growth
22
Q
bw at hatching of broilers
A
40g
23
Q
bw at broiler slaughter
A
2.7kg
24
Q
how long does fattening take
A
5-6weeks
25
fattening methods of broilers
1. semi intensive method
2. intensive fattening
26
semi intenstive method
fattening in 2 phases
intensive fore rearing - 0-18days
extensive post rearing from day 19 to slaughter
27
intensive fattening
1 phase
protein building requires less energy
fat building requires x2 energy required for protein building
28
where is fat stored in broilers
in stomach
v. wasteful
29
feeding of broilers first 2-3 weeks
muscle buidling at first hten fat building
30
starter of broilers duration
day 0-10
31
starter of broilers energy
ME= 12.6mj/day
32
starter of broilers cp
23%
33
grower of broilers duration
day 11-24
34
grower of broilers energy
13MJ/day
35
grower of broilers cp
21.5%
36
finisher of broilers duration
25 days until slaughter
37
finisher of broilers energy
13.4mj/day
38
finisher of broilers cp
19.5%
39
why does cp reduce with age
protein inbuild decreases with ages
40
feed of efficiency of broilers
1.6kg/kg
41
protein sources for broilers
cereals
legumes
supplements
42
physical forms of newly hatched broilers
homogenous diet = crumble
43
why is pellet good
for enhancing feed intake
44
supplements for broilers
lysine
methionine + cysteine
linoleic acid and calcium
45
rda of water in broilers
2-2.5L/kg
46
what is a pullett
from hatching to egg production
47
starter for layers duration
0-8weeks
48
starter for layers CP
17%
49
grower for layers duration
8-17 weeks
50
grower for layers CP
15%
51
ME of layers
11.7MJ/kg
52
why is cp reduced
to delay sexual maturity and increase egg production
53
feed of 0-3 week layers
ad lib mash
54
feed of 4-8 week layers
if low bw then give pelletts
if high bw give unchanged daily feed
55
feed of 9 weeks
650-700g
56
starter for layers duration
0-7 weeks
57
grower for layers duration
7-17 weeks
58
prelayerfor layers duration
17-21 weeks
59
layer 1 duration
21-63 weeks
60
layer 2 duration
63-77weeks
61
egg size of layers
60g
62
no of eggs per year in layers
320-350g
63
level of egg production at 18 weeks
5%
64
level of egg production at 20 weeks
10%
65
level of egg production at 21-23 weeks
20-50%
66
level of egg production at 24-26 weeks
95%
67
level of egg production at 65-76 weeks
75%
68
prelayer feed ME
12mj/kg
69
prelayer feed CP
16%
70
prelayer feed Ca
18g/kg
71
layer 1 feed ME
12mj/kg
72
layer 1 feed CP
18%
73
layer 1 feed Ca
36.5g/kg
74
layer 2 feed ME
11.5mj/kg
75
layer 2 feed CP
16%
76
layer 2 feed Ca
37.5g/kg
77
why increase Ca
due to increasing size of eff
78
diet of layers
ad lib
mash is retricted
grits used for grinding
79
feed efficiency of layers
2kg/kg egg
80
light program for pulllets
reduce or keep the same
never increase
81
hens light program
increase of keep the same
never reduce
82
bw at hatching of turkeys
60g
83
turkey hens bw at slaughter
10.5kg
84
toms bw at slaughter
21.5gk
85
starter 1 for turkeys duration
0-4weeks
86
starter 1 for turkeys ME
12.2mj/kg
87
starter 1 for turkeys cp
28%
88
starter 2 for turkeys duration
5-8 weeks
89
starter 2 for turkeys ME
12.8 mj/day
90
starter 2 for turkeys cp
26%
91
grower 1 for turkeys duration in toms
9-12 weeks
92
grower 1 for turkeys duration in hens
9-11 weeks
93
grower 1 for turkeys ME
13.4mj/day
94
grower 1 for turkeys cp
22%
95
grower 2 for turkeys duration in toms
13-16weeks
96
grower 2 for turkeys duration for hens
12-15 weeks
97
grower 2 for turkeys me
13.6mj/day
98
grower 2 for turkeys cp
20%
99
fattener for turkeys duration
toms only
17-20weeks
100
fattener for turkeys me
14mj/kg
101
fattener for turkeys cp
17%
102
aim of feeding turkeys
good quality breast and ham
proportionate breast - 35%
103
supplements of turkeys
lysine
vit d
biotin
104
function of lysine in turkeys
meat production
105
what does biotin prevent
leg problems
106
how long do flock replacement turkeys grow for
29weeks
107
starter in breeding turkeys duration
week 0-4
108
starter in breeding turkeys cp
26%
109
starter in breeding turkeys Ca
15g/kg
110
starter in breeding turkeys Ca
15g/kg
111
starter in breeding turkeys P
7.5g/kg
112
grower 1 in breeding turkeys duration
week 5-8
113
grower 1 in breeding turkeys cp
23%
114
grower 1 in breeding turkeys Ca
14g/kg
115
grower 1 in breeding turkeys P
7g/kg
116
grower 2 in breeding turkeys duration
9-12 weeks
117
grower 2 in breeding turkeys cp
20.5%
118
grower 2 in breeding turkeys Ca
13g/kg
119
grower 2 in breeding turkeys P
6.5g/kg
120
grower 3 in breeding turkeys duration
week 13-16
121
grower 3 in breeding turkeys cp
17%
122
grower 3 in breeding turkeys Ca
10g/lg
123
grower 3 in breeding turkeys P
5.5g/lg
124
ME of starters and growers
11.5mj/day
125
rearer in breeding turkeys duration
week 17-29
126
rearer in breeding turkeys cp
13.5%
127
rearer in breeding turkeys ME
13mj/day
128
rearer in breeding turkeys Ca
9g/kg
129
rearer in breeding turkeys P
5g/kg
130
what do you do in bw of breeding turkeys is too thin
delay the next phase
131
why decrease protein in breeding turkeys
to delay onset of egg production
132
physical form of diet for breeding turkeys
crumbles and pellets
133
light program of breeding turkeys
24hrs at 70luc then reduce to 6hrs 50luxs
134
when is a laying turkey slughtered
week 50-54
135
when is egg production of a laying turkey
from week 30-54
136
when is peak egg production of laying turkey
weeks34-40
137
when to give pelleted feed in laying turkey
week 30-39
138
when to give mash in laying turkey
week 40-54
139
egg weight of laying turkey
80-90g
140
egg production of laying turkey
100-120
141
layer 1 feed of laying turkey duration
30-39 weeks
142
layer 2 feed of laying turkey duration
40-54 weeks
143
layer 1 feed of laying turkey CP
16.5%
144
layer 2 feed of laying turkey cp
15%
145
layer 2 feed of laying turkey me
12mj/kg
146
layer 1 feed of laying turkey me
11.8mj/day
147
layer 2 feed of laying turkey ca
28g/kg
148
layer 1 feed of laying turkey ca
25g/kg
149
layer 2 feed of laying turkey P
4g/kg
150
layer 1 feed of laying turkey P
3.5g/kg
151
layer 2 feed of laying turkey light
17hrs
152
layer 1 feed of laying turkey light
14hrs
153
bw of ducks at hatching
50-55g
154
bw of ducks at slaughter
3-3.2kg
155
when does fattening start in ducks
6-7weeks
156
starter feed of ducks duration
0-14days
157
grower feed of ducks duration
15-42days
158
finisher feed of ducks duration
43-49days
159
starter feed of ducks me
12mj/kg
160
grower feed of ducks me
12.5mj/kg
161
finisher feed of ducks me
12.9mj/day
162
starter feed of ducks cp
21%
163
grower feed of ducks cp
18%
164
finisher feed of ducks cp
16%
165
by what day is growth capacity mostly lost in ducks
49
166
feed efficiency of ducks
2.7kg/kg
167
physical form of duck feed
pelletts best
mash and water are ideal but cause microbial degradation
168
supplements of ducks
decrease ca and p with age
low lysine due to less protein binding
169
water of ducks
3-5L/kg dm
170
# Fattening technology
duration of intensive fore rearing
0-18 days
171
# fattening technology
duration of extensive post rearing
19days - slaugther
172
breeding ducks feeding day 0-18
fore rearing
173
breeding ducks feeding day 18-25
post rearing
174
when is selection of breeding ducks
7 weeks
3-3.2kg
175
when is housing of breeding ducks
25 weeks
4kg
176
when do breeding ducks reach sexual maturity
28weeks
177
starter diet of breeding ducks duration
0-14days
178
grower diet of breeding ducks duration
15-42days
179
finisher diet of breeding ducks duration
43-49days
180
starter diet of breeding ducks ME
12mj/kg
181
grower diet of breeding ducks ME
12.5mj/kg
182
finisher diet of breeding ducks ME
12.9mj/kg
183
starter diet of breeding ducks cp
21%
184
grower diet of breeding ducks cp
18%
185
finisher diet of breeding ducks CP
16%
186
when is rearing diet given in breeeding ducks
weeks 8-25
reduced nutrient density
pellets
187
quantity of feed in rearing diet of breeding ducks
150-180g/day
188
bw gain of breeding duck during rearing diet
600-800g
189
rearing diet inf breeding ducks me
11mj/kg
190
rearing diet inf breeding ducks cp
14.5%
191
rearing diet inf breeding ducks Ca
8
192
rearing diet inf breeding ducks P
4
193
What to give at week 26
ad lib
194
when do ducks start laying eggs
week 28 for 7 months
195
egg weight of laying ducks
75-80g
196
no of egg production in laying ducks
130-150
197
what happens to laying ducks at end of laying period
go to slaughter
or begin 2nd layer period (10% drop in production)
198
layer feeding of laying ducks duration
from week 26
199
layer feeding of laying ducks cp
17%
200
layer feeding of laying ducks me
12mj/day
201
layer feeding of laying ducks Ca
29g/day
202
layer feeding of laying ducks P
4g/kg
203
bw of geese at hatching
85-90g
204
bw of geese at slaughter
4kg
205
age of geese at slaughter
8 weeks
206
3 diets for geese for eating
starter
grower
finihser
207
duration of starter diet for geese for eating
0-21days
208
duration of grower diet for geese for eating
22-35 days
209
duration of finisher diet for geese for eating
35-56 days
210
ME of starter diet for geese for eating
12 mj/kg
211
ME of grower diet for geese for eating
12.5 mj/kg
212
ME of finisher diet for geese for eating
12.5mj/day
213
CP of starter diet for geese for eating
21%
214
CP of grower diet for geese for eating
18%
215
CP of finisher diet for geese for eating
16%
216
why are geese diets diluted
they eat more than ducks but arent as fat
217
how much feed is diluted
2.3-2.5kg/kg feed
218
physical form of feed for geese
pellets
219
cf tolerance of geese
10-12%
220
can geese graze
graze green forage
221
which organ is NB for green forage breakdown
gizzard v efficient
222
water of goose
3-4L/kg dm
223
supplements for geese we eat
Ca
P
224
fattening technology of geese we eat
seasonal rearing or
rearing in one phase
225
what is seasonal rearing in geese
from spring to autumn
1-3weeks old = intensive fore rearing
4-8 weeks old = extensive post rearing
226
what is rearing in one phase in gesse
during winter on deep litter
227
whats special about geese and eggs
they have the lowest repro performance
228
laying period duration if goose housed inside
>6months
229
laying period duration if goose housed outside
4months
230
when is fore rearing in a breeding goose
week 0-4
231
when is post rearing in a breeding goose
week 5
232
when is housing in breeding goose
week 32-43
233
how many g of feathers from first plucking
80-140g
234
how many g of feathers for 2nd plucking
140-150g
235
how many feathers for 3rd plucking
140-150g
236
methods of rearing a breeding goose
semi-intensive
intensive
mixed
237
what is semi intensive rearing in breeding geese
intensive fore rearing followed by semi - intensive post rearing on pasture
cheapest
238
what is intensive rearing in breeding geese
raised in closed building
not plucked birds
239
hat is mixed rearing in breeding geese
intensive unitl 8 weeks then semi intensive on pasture
240
why are geese slaughtered at 8 weeks
to prevent shedding
241
difference between feeding of breeding geese and geese we eat
breeding = less conc and more forages
242
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 1
starter diet
243
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 2-3
starter diet + green forages or pastures
244
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 4-5
grower diet + green forages or pasture
245
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 6-8
finisher diet + green forages or pasture
246
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 9-31
developer diet or grains + green forages or pasture
247
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 32-38
prelayer diet ad lib
248
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 39-42
layer diet ad lib
249
ME of developer diet in breeding geese
11mj/kg
250
ME of layer diet in breeding geese
11.5mj/day
251
CP of developer diet in breeding geese
14%
252
Ca of developer diet in breeding geese
8g/kg
253
P of developer diet in breeding geese
3.5g/kg
254
CP of layer diet in breeding geese
16%
255
Ca of layer diet in breeding geese
29
256
P of layer diet in breeding geese
4
257
when does egg production begin in geese
from week 42
258
how long is the egg laying period in geese
4months
259
weight of egg in goose
160g
260
diet for layer
260g/bird/day + grits + wheat straw
261
where are fats stored in geese and ducks
subcut and liver
262
where do we want teh fat in geese and ducks
in liver
263
how are carbs stored in geese and ducks
in liver as triglycerides
264
how do triglycerides leave the liver
by VLDL
265
which is more
triglyceride porduction or VLDL transport
triglyceride production
therefore they are deposited in liver = fatty liver
266
prerequisites of force feeding geese and ducks
genotype
sex
corn
low level of meth, choline
flexible mebranes of liver cells
low level of lipid loss when roating
liver size prior to force feeding
age of brid
267
why is corn so good for force feeding
high in energy but low in methionine and choline
268
why do we want low methionine and choline
they are responsible for fat transport
269
breeds used for liver production
duck
muscoby
moulard
270
breeeds used for liver production
geese
landaise
hybrid gourmand
271
which sex is used for liver production
males and females in geese but only males in ducks
272
which age of bird is preferred for force feeding
younger
273
why are ducks preferred to geese
cheaper
can be obtained continuously throughiut the year
uniformity of livers
easier to force feed
274
first 7 weeks of ducks for fattening liver
same as ducks we eat
275
after 7 weeks
what do you feed ducks for force feeding
CP 16-17% to enlarge the oesophagus
1meal/day
2hrs/meal
276
what do we feed geese for force feeding for first 6 weeks
starter period
277
what do we feed geese for force feeding for next 5 weeks
grower feeding
278
feeding technology for force feeding
charging machines
feed mixers
279
target weight of liver in ducks
>300g
280
target weight of liver in geese
>400g
281
start of force feeding in muscovy ducks
12weeks
282
start of force feeding in moulard ducks
9weeks
283
start of force feeding in geese
12-14weeks
284
duration of force feeding in muscovy duck
14days
285
duration of force feeding in moulard duck
10days
286
duration of force feeding in goose
14-21days
287
main difference btw geese and duck force feeding
goose you increase the number of times you feed
288
muscovy duck feed
6-7kg/duck corn
289
moulard duck feed
8kg/duck corn
290
goose feed
day 14
13kg/goose corn
291
goose feed
day 21
22kg/goose corn
