PP Cardio

Question 0

What organ has the lowest A-VO2 difference?

Answer 0

Kidney

Question 1

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after exercise?

Answer 1

Muscles

Question 2

Where does Type A thoracic aortic dissection occur?

Answer 2

Ascending aorta ( occur in Cystic medial necrosis, Syphilis)

Question 3

Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?

Answer 3

Descending aorta ( occurs in Trauma, Atherosclerosis)

Question 4

What layers does a true aneurysm occur?

Answer 4

Intima
Media
Adventina

Question 5

What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?

Answer 5

Intima

Media

Question 6

What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?

Answer 6

Aorta

Question 7

What vessels has the most smooth muscle?

Answer 7

Arterioles

Question 8

What vessel has the most cross-sectional area?

Answer 8

Capillaries

Question 9

What vessels has the highest compliance?

Answer 9

Aorta

Question 10

What vessels has the highest capacitance?

Answer 10

Veins and venules

Question 11

What is your max heart rate?

Answer 11

220- age

Question 12

What is stable angina?

Answer 12

Pain with exertion ( atherosclerosis)

Question 13

What is unstable angina?

Answer 13

Pain at rest ( transient clots)

Question 14

What is Prinzmetal’s?

Answer 14

Intermittent pain ( coronary artery spasm)

Question 15

What is Amyloidosis?

Answer 15

Stain Congo red

Echo Apple-green birefringence

Question 16

What is Hemochromatosis?

Answer 16

Fe deposit in organs => hyperpigmentation, arthritis, DM

Question 17

What is Cardiac tamponade?

Answer 17

Pressure equalizes in all 4 chambers
Quiet precordium
No pulse or BP
Kussmaul's sign
Pulsus paradoxus

Question 18

What is Transudate?

Answer 18

An effusion with mostly water:
Too much water:
- heart failure
- renal failure
Not enough protein:
- cirrhosis ( can't make protein)
- nephrotic syndrome ( pee protein out)

Question 19

What is Exudate?

Answer 19

An effusion with mostly protein:
Too much protein:
- purulent ( bacteria)
- hemorrhagic ( trauma, cancer, PE)
- Fibrinous ( collagen vascular dz, uremia, TB{caseous necrosis})
- granulomatous ( non-bacteria ) : T cell and macrophage

Question 20

What is Systole?

Answer 20

Squish heart
Decrease blood flow to coronary arteries
More extraction of O2 ( phase 1 Korotkoff)

Question 21

What is Diastole?

Answer 21

Fill heart
Increase blood flow to coronary arteries
Less extraction of O2 ( phase 5 Korotkoff )

Question 22

What are the only arteries w/ deoxygenated blood?

Answer 22

Pulmonary

Umbilical

Question 23

What murmur has a Waterhammer pulse?

Answer 23

AR

Question 24

What murmur has Pulsus tardus?

Answer 24

AS

Question 25

What cardiomyopathy has Pulsus alternans?

Answer 25

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 26

What murmur has irregularly irregular pulse?

Answer 26

A Fib

Question 27

What murmur has a regularly irregular pulse?

Answer 27

PVC

Question 28

What sound irradiates to the neck?

Answer 28

AS

Question 29

What sound irradiates to the axilla?

Answer 29

MR

Question 30

What sound radiates to the back?

Answer 30

PS

Question 31

What disease has a boot-shaped x-Ray?

Answer 31

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 32

What disease has a banana-shaped x-Ray?

Answer 32

IHSS

Question 33

What disease has an egg-shaped x-Ray?

Answer 33

Transposition of the great arteries

Question 34

What disease has a snowman-shaped x-Ray?

Answer 34

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Question 35

What disease has a "3" shaped x-Ray?

Answer 35

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 36

What is Osler-Weber-Rendu?

Answer 36

AVM in lung, gut, CNS =>sequester platelets => talangectasia

Question 37

What is Von Hippel-Lindau?

Answer 37

AVM in head, retina =>renal cell CA risk

Question 38

What murmur occur during systole?

Answer 38

Holosystolic | Ejection murmur or click

Question 39

What are the holosystolic murmur?

Answer 39

TR MR VSD

Question 40

What are the systolic ejection murmur?

Answer 40

AS | PS

Question 41

What are the continuos murmur?

Answer 41

PDA | AVMs

Question 42

What has a friction rub when holding breath?

Answer 42

Pericarditis

Question 43

What has a friction rub while breathing?

Answer 43

Pleuritis

Question 44

What does a mid-systolic click tell you?

Answer 44

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 45

What does an ejection click tell you?

Answer 45

A/P stenosis

Question 46

What does an opening snap tell you?

Answer 46

M/T stenosis

Question 47

What does S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 47

Norman on inspiration ( b/c pulmonic valve closes later)

Question 48

What does wide S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 48

Increase O2 Increase RV vol Delayed pulmonic valve opening

Question 49

What does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 49

ASD

Question 50

What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 50

AS ( or left bundle branch block)

Question 51

What is cor pulmonale?

Answer 51

Pulmonary HTN => RV failure

Question 52

What is Eisenmenger's?

Answer 52

Pulmonary HTN => reverse L-R to R-L shunt

Question 53

What is Transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 53

Aorticolumonary septum did not spiral | Most common abnormality of the newborn

Question 54

What is Tetrology of Fallot?

Answer 54

``` Most common abnormality after a month of life Overriding Aorta Pulmonary stenosis "Tet spells" RV hypertrophy => boot-shaped heart VSD ( L to R shunt) ```

Question 55

What is Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Answer 55

All pulmonary veins to RA | Snowman x-Ray

Question 56

What is Truncus Arteriosus?

Answer 56

Spiral membrane not develop => one A/P trunk | Mixed blood

Question 57

What is Ebstein's Anomaly?

Answer 57

Tricuspid prolapse | Moms Li increase risk

Question 58

What can Lithium do to mom?

Answer 58

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Question 59

What is Cinchonism?

Answer 59

Hearing loss Tinnitus Thrombocytopenia

Question 60

Pansystolic Murmur

Answer 60

Mitral regurg Tricuspid regurg Ventricle Septal defect

Question 61

Heart Block Clue

Answer 61

Increase body temperature with a normal heart rate | HR should increase by 10bpm for every 1 degree increase in temperature

Question 62

Ions in the EKG

Answer 62

``` P wave - Ca QRS complex - Na S-T interval - Ca T wave - K U wave -Na ```

Question 63

MC Non-cyanotic Congenital heart Dis.

Answer 63

VSD ASD PDA Coartation of aorta

Question 64

Sub-Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Answer 64

``` Most common bacteria is Strep. Viridians Roth Spot Janeway lesion (toes) Osler's node (finger) Splinter hemorrhage Endocarditis Mycotic aneurysm (septic emboli) ```

Question 65

Causes of widened S2

Answer 65

``` Increase pO2 Increase vol R. vent. Blood transfusion Supplemental O2 R. Side heart failure Pregnancy IV fluids ASD Deep breathing ```

Question 66

Cyanotic heart diseases

Answer 66

``` Transposition of great arteries Tetralogy of Fallot Truncus Arteriosus Tricuspid Atresia Total Anomalus Pulmonary Venous Return Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Ebstein's Anomaly Aortic Atresia Pulmonic Atresia ```