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PP Micro Flashcards

0
Q

What makes an adequate sputum sample?

A

< 10 epithelial cells and > 25 leukocytes per low power field

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1
Q

How do you know it’s an anaerobe?

A

Gas

Bad odor

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2
Q

What bugs causes acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus ( attacks healthy valves)

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3
Q

What bug causes subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Strep viridians ( attack damage valves)

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4
Q

How do you diagnose Rheumatic fever?

A

Need at least 2 “SPECC”

  • subcutaneous nodules
  • Polyarthritis
  • erythema marginatum ( red margins)
  • chorea (Sydenham’s)
  • carditis ( MS > AS > TS )
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5
Q

What are the only Gram - diplococci?

A

Neisseria

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6
Q

What is the only Gram + diplococci?

A

Strep pneumo

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7
Q

What bugs cause heart block infection?

A

“Don’t TeLL Chaga”

  • diphtheria
  • typhoid fever ( salmonella typhii)
  • legionella
  • Lyme disease
  • Chaga’s disease
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8
Q

What are the IgA protease bugs?

A

Strep pneumo
H. Influenza
Neisseria Catt.

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9
Q

What do the IgA protease bugs cause?

A

Sinusitis
otitis media
Pneumonia
Bronchitis

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10
Q

What are the simple Gram - bugs?

A

” simple HE “

  • H. Influenza
  • E. Coli
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11
Q

What are the atypical ( no cell wall) bacteria?

A

“CLUMsy”

  • chlamydia
  • legionella
  • ureaplasma
  • mycoplasma
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12
Q

What is the only Gram + endotoxin?

A

Listeria

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13
Q

What is the only Gram - exotoxin?

A

H. Influenza

Bordetella pertussis

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14
Q

What are the spore forming Gram + bacteria?

A

Bacillus anthracis

Clostridium botulinum

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15
Q

What bugs cause walking pneumonia?

A

“Come My Love for a walk”

  • 0-2mo: Chlamydia pn.
  • 10-30 y: Mycoplasma pn.
  • > 40 y: Legionella pn.
  • AIDS/Premies: Pneumo Jirovecii
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16
Q

What causes Cryolgobulinemia?

A

“I AM HE”

  • influenza
  • adenovirus
  • mycoplasma
  • hep. B, C
  • EBV
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17
Q

What are the Silver Stainers?

A

” HaLV-C = Comma”

  • H. Pylori
  • Listeria
  • Vibro
  • Campylobacter
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18
Q

What bacteria cause diarrhea < 8h after introduction?

A

“CBS”

  • Clostridium
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Staph aureus
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19
Q

What are the Gram - capsule?

A

“Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsule”

  • salmonella
  • klebsiella
  • H. Influenza B
  • pseudomonas
  • neisseria
  • citobacter
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20
Q

What is the Gram + capsule?

A

Strep pneumo

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21
Q

What are the Urease + bugs?

A

“Urease PPUNCH”

  • proteus
  • pseudomonas
  • ureoplasma
  • nocardia
  • cryptococcus
  • H. Pylori
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22
Q

What bugs cause Monocytosis?

A

” STELS”

  • syphilis
  • TB
  • EBV
  • Listeria
  • Salmonela
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23
Q

What are the Big Mama Anaerobes?

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Strep. Bovis
C. Septicum

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24
What bugs disrupt G protein?
Perturris: inhibits Gi Cholera: stimulates Gs E. Coli: stimulates Gs
25
What bug is associated w/ cat scratch?
Bortonella henselae
26
What bug is associated w/ cat saliva?
Pasturella multocida
27
What bug is associated w/ cat pee?
Toxoplasmosis
28
What bug is associated w/ cat caca?
Toxic area cati
29
What disease are cause by the Ixodes Tick?
Lyme disease - bull's eye lesion Babesiosis - hemolytic anemia Ehrlichiosis - puncture near eye
30
What bugs cause hospital abscesses?
Day 1-3: Staph aureus -> lost of O2 Day 4-7: Step viridians -> no enzyme Day >7: Anaerobe -> PMNs
31
What kind of patients does Staph and Pseudomonas like to attack?
DM Cystic fibrosis pts Burn pts Neutropenia pts
32
What disease have granulomas?
``` TB Sarcoidosis Syphilis Histocytosis X The ella's ```
33
What disease provide malaria protection?
Sickle cell : AAs | G-6PD: Mediterranean
34
What bug causes multiple liver abscesses?
Entamoeba histolytica
35
What bug causes multiple cerebral abscesses?
Citrobacter
36
What has multiple lung aneurysm?
Osler-Weber-Rendu
37
What bugs cause Loesffler syndrome?
"NASSA" - necator americanus - ancylostoma duodenal - schistosomiasis - strongyloides - ascaris lumbricoides
38
What is the symptom of Loeffler syndrome?
Pulmonary eosinophilia
39
What is PIE syndrome?
Pulmonary infiltrate w/ Eosinophilia
40
What disease have PIE syndrome?
Aspergillus Loeffler Churg-Strauss
41
What disease does Coxsackie A cause?
Hand-Foot-Mooth disease
42
What disease does Coxsackie B cause?
Endocarditis | DM type 1
43
What bugs cause Meningitis?
``` 0-2mo: "baby BEL" - group B strep - E. Coli - Listeria > 2mo: strep pneumo 10-21y/o: N. Meningitidis ```
44
What are the CSF lbs values for Meningitis?
PMNs-> bacteria T cells/ MP -> non-bacterial Normal glucose - > viral
45
What does the Hep B Core AG tell you?
Gone before pt has symptoms ( 2 mo)
46
What does the Core Ab tell you?
Past infection
47
What does the Surface Ag tell you?
Current infection
48
What does the Surface Ab tell you?
Vaccination has occurred
49
What does the E Ag tell you?
Transmissibility / infectivity
50
What does the E Ab tell you?
Low transmissibility
51
What antibody show current Hep A infection?
IgM
52
Urease + Bacteria?
``` "PPUNCHES" Proteus Pseudomonas Ureaplasma Nocardia Cryptococcus neoformans H. Pylori S. Saprofiticus ```
53
What antibody shows past Hep A infection?
IgG
54
What type of people does Hep E like to infect?
Pregnant women | Asians
55
What is associated w/Staph aureus?
``` Cellulitis Dairy products Gold pigment Endocarditis Styles Hordeolum (on eyelid) ```
56
What is associated w/ Strep pyogenes?
"LINES" ASO Hyaluronic acid capsule
57
What is associated w/ Staph epidermidis?
Central lines VP shunt White pigment
58
What is associated w/ Propionibacterium?
Acne | Progesterone => prop ionic acid
59
What is associated w/ Pasteurella Multicoda?
Cat/ dog saliva => cellulitis w/ lymphadenitis
60
What is associated with Staph saprophyticus?
Female UTIs, honeymooners cystitis
61
What is associated w/ Hemophilus aegyptus?
Swollen eyeball w/ pus
62
What is associated w/ Francisella tularensis?
Ulcers at rabbit or deer tick bite site
63
What is associated w/ Pseudomonas aeruginosa ?
``` Otitis external Ecthyma granulosum Loves rubber Whirlpool folliculitis ADP ribosylates EF-2 ```
64
What is associated w/ Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Otitis media | Red bulging tympanic membrane
65
What is associated w/ Fusobacterium?
Painful mouth ulcers Gum pus Vincent's angina
66
What is associated w/ Strep mutans?
Dental cavities
67
What is associated w/ Strep viridians?
Subacute bacterial endocarditis | Green pigment
68
What is associated w/ Strep salivarius?
Cold agglutinin test
69
What is associated w/ Strep pyogenes?
Rheumatic fever, strain 12 => PSGN
70
What is associated w/ Group C strep?
Pharyngitis
71
What is associated w/ Corynebacterium?
``` Chinese letters Gray pseudomembrane Suffocation ADP ribosylates EF2 Heart block Leek test ```
72
What is associated w/ Strep pneumonia?
Gram + diplococci Rusty sputum IgA protease Vaccine covers 23 strains
73
What is associated w/ H. Influenza?
Gram - pleomorphic rod Factor V/X 5C-ribose capsule B-type: meningitis, Epiglotitis, sepsis
74
What is associated w/ N. Catarrhalis?
Loves mucus -> attacks respiratory tract
75
What is associated w/ Chlamydia psittaci?
Parakeets, parrots
76
What is associated w/ Chlamydia pneumonia?
Staccato coughing | Elementary and reticulate bodies
77
What is associated w/ Mycoplasma?
Bullous miringitis Ground-glass CXR P1 protein Erythema multiforme
78
What is associated w/ Legionella pneumonia?
``` AC ducts Silver stain lung CYEA Pontiac fever Legionnaire pneumonia ```
79
What is associated w/ Pneumocystis Jiroveciinia?
AIDS/ Premies Rusty sputum Silver stains lung Increase LDH
80
What is associated w/ Clostridium botulinum?
``` Canned food Honey Inhibits ACh release Resp. Failure Stool toxins ```
81
What is associated w/ Clostridium tetani?
``` Rusty nail wounds Inhibits Gly release Resp. Failure Risus sardonicus Tennis racquet shape ```
82
What is associated w/ Bordetella pertussis?
Whooping cough | ADP ribosylates Gi
83
What is associated w/ Bacillus anthracis?
Black eschar Woolsorter's lung disease D-Glu Boxcar-like spore
84
What is associated w/ H. Pylori?
Duodenal ulcer
85
What is associated w/ Slamonella?
``` Raw chicken & eggs Turtles Rose typhoid spots H2S Sickle cell osteomyelitis ```
86
What is associated w/ Campylobacter jejuni?
``` Raw chicken & eggs Very bloody diarrhea Inactivated bay gastric juice Guillain-Barre Seagull-shape ```
87
What is associated w/ clostridium perfringens?
Holiday ham & turkey DM gas gangrene Soil/ feces
88
What is associated w/ Bacillus cereus?
Fried rice | Pre-formed toxin
89
What is associated w/ Listeria Monocytogenes?
``` Raw cabbage Hot dog Spoiled milk Migrant workers=> heart block Meningitis Abortions ```
90
What is associated w/ Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
Raw fish
91
What is associated w/ actinomyces?
Face fistulas | Sulfur granules
92
What is associated w/ Vibrio vulnificus?
Raw oysters | Cellulitis in swimmer's cuts
93
What is associated w/ Shiguella?
Day care outbreaks Seizures Destroys 60S ribosome Infects M cells
94
What is associated w/ Vibrio cholera?
Rice water diarrhea | ADP rybosilates Gs
95
What is associated w/ Clostridium difficile?
Explosive diarrhea = Pseudomembranous colitis
96
What is associated w/ Yersinia enterocolitica?
Presents like Apendicitis + Reiter's | Bloody diarrhea
97
What is associated w/ Strep bovis?
Colon cancer | Black pigment
98
What is associated w/ Clostridium seticum?
Colon cancer
99
What is associated w/ ETEC?
Traveler's => rice-water diarrhea
100
What is associated w/ EHETC?
Hemorrhagic => renal failure
101
What is associated w/ EIEC?
Inflammatory => loose stool
102
What is associated w/ EPEC?
Pathogenic => newborn diarrhea
103
What is associated w/ E. Coli?
Raw hamburger ADP rybosilates Gs Verotoxin HUS
104
What is associated w/ Proteus mirabilis?
Staghorn calculus | UTI
105
What is associated w/ Klebsiella pneumonia?
Alcoholic Currant jelly sputum UTI Lung fissures
106
What is associated w/ Staph saprophyticus?
Young and collage girls UTIs
107
What is associated w/ Enterococcus?
UTI | Infective endocarditis post GI/ GU procedure
108
What is associated w/ N. Meningitidis?
DIC Pili Release toxin in log phase
109
What is associated w/ Brucella?
Farmers/ vet Spiking fever 5x/day Animal placenta
110
What is associated w/ R. Rikettsii?
Ticks => Rocky Mountain spotted fever
111
What is associated w/ R. Akari?
Mites => flesh papules
112
What is associated w/ R. Typhi?
Fleas | Starts in armpit
113
What is associated w/ R. Prowazekii?
Lice | Starts on body
114
What is associated w/ R. Tssutsugamushi?
Mites => scrub typhus
115
What is associated w/ Coxiella busrnetii?
Dusty barn => Q fever
116
What is associated w/ Yersenia pestis?
Rats Fleas Bubonic plague
117
What is associated w/Bartonella henselae?
Cat scratch => single painful lymph node | Silver stain
118
What is associated w/ Bacteroides fragilis?
Post-op bowel abscess | Grows in blood clots
119
What is associated w/ Chlamydia trachomatis?
Neonatal inturned eyelashes/ cornea ulcers
120
What is associated w/ N. Gonorrhea?
Pili Urethritis Tenovitis Septic arthritis
121
Enterobacteriaceae?
(E. Coli, Salmonela, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia Proteus) - Gram (-) - All have somatic (O) antigen - Capsular (K) antigen - Flagelar (H) antigen - All ferment glucose - All are oxidative (-)
122
What bugs cause Food poisoning?
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus & V. Vulnificus ( contaminated seafood) Bacillus Cereus ( reheated rice) S. Aureus (meats, mayonnaise and custard) Clostridium Perfringens ( reheated meat) C. Botulinum ( canned food) E. Coli O157:H7 ( undercooked meat) Salmonella ( poultry, meat and eggs)

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