PP Neuro Flashcards by Suleyka Miranda

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Everything else; Schawnn cells

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What is the central nervous system?

Brain and spinal cord; oligodendrocytes

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What is the autonomic nervous system?

Automatic stuff

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What is the somatic nervous system?

Moving your muscles

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What is the parasympathetic system?

Rest-and-digest=> slow stuff down

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How does the parasympathetic system behave?

"DUMBBLES"
Diarrhea 
Urintion
Miosis "constriction"
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Erection "point"
Lacrimation
Salivation

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What is the sympathetic system?

Fight-or-Flight => speeds stuff up

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How does the sympathetic system behave?

Opposite to the parasympathetic 
Constipation
Urinary retention
Mydriasis 
Tachycardia
Bronchodilate 
Ejaculation
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Xerostomia (dry mouth)

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What is Cushing’s triad?

HTN
Bradycardia
Irregular breathing

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What is Budd-Chiari?

Hepatic vein obstruction

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What is Arnold-Chiari?

Foramen Magnum obstruction

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What is Anencephaly?

Notochord did not make contact w/brain => only have medulla

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What is an Encephalocele?

Brain tissue herniation?

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What is a Dandy Walker malformation?

No cerebellum

Distended 4th/ lateral ventricle

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What is an Arnold-Chiari malformation?

Herniation of cerebellum through Foramen magnum
Type I: cerebellar tonsils (asymptomatic)
Type II: cerebellar vermis / medulla => hydrocephalus, syringomyelia
(lost of pain /temp)

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What is Spina bifida occulta?

Covered by skin w/ tuft of hair

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What is Spina bifida aperta?

Has opening (high AFP)

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What is a Meningocele?

Sacral pocket w/ meninges in it

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What is a Meningomyelocele?

Sacral pocket w/ meninges and nerve in it

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What is an Open-angle glaucoma?

Overproduction of fluid => painless ipsilateral dilated pupil, gradual tunnel vision, optic disc cupping

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What is Close-angle glaucoma?

Obstruction of canal of Schlemm => sudden onset, pain, emergency

What are the Watershed areas?

Hippocampus

Splenic flexure

What bug loves the frontal lobe?

Rubella

What bug loves the temporal lobe?

HSV

What bug loves the parietal lobe?

Toxoplasma

What bug loves the hippocampus?

Rabies

What bug loves the posterior fossa?

What bug loves the DCML tract?

Treponema

How do migraines present?

``` Aura Photophobia Numbness and tingling Throbbing HA Nausea ```

How do tension headaches present?

Band like Pain starts in posterior neck Worst as day progresses Sleep disturbance

How does temporal arteritis present?

Pain with chewing | Blind in one eye

How does trigeminal neuralgia presents?

Sharp, shooting face pain

What are the 2 kinds of partial seizures?

Simple (aware) | Complex (not aware)

What are the 3 kinds of generalized seizures?

Tonic-Colinic "Grand mal" Absence "petit mal" Status Epilepticus

How does an epidural hematoma presents?

Intermittent consciousness "lucid interval"

How does a subdural hematoma present?

Headache 4wks after trauma | Elderly (loos brain)

How does a subarachnoid hemorrhage present?

"Worst headache of my life" | Berry aneurysm

What is an Astrocytoma?

``` Rosenthal fibers #1 in kids w/ occipital headache ```

What is an Ependymoma?

Rosettes in 4 ventricles | Hydrocephalus

What is a Craniopharyngioma?

``` Motor oil biopsy Tooth enamel Rathke's pouch ADH problem Bitemporal hemianopsia ```

What is Glioblastoma multiforme?

Pseudopalisading Necrosis Worst prognosis Intralesional hemorrhage

What is a Hemandioblastoma?

Cerebellum | Von-Hippel-Lindau

What is a Medulloblastoma?

Pseudorosettes Compresses brain Early morning vomiting

What is Meningioma?

Parasagital Psammoma bodies Whirling pattern Best prognosis

What are the most common places to metastasize to the brain?

From lung, breast, skin; see at white-grey junction

What is an Oligodendroglioma?

Fried-egg appearance | Nodular calcification

What is a Pinealoma?

Loss of upward gaze | Loss of circadian rhythms => precocious puberty

What is a Schwannoma?

CN8 tumor | Unilateral deafness

What is Neurofibromatosis?

Cafe au lait spots (Hyperpigmentation) => peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckle Type I "Von Recklinghausen's": Peripheral (chr#17), optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis Type II "Acoustic Neuroma": central (chr#22), cataracts, bilateral deafness

What is Stutge-Weber?

Port wine stain ( hypopigmentation) on forehead, angioma of retina

What is Tuberous Sclerosis?

``` Ashen leaf spots (hypopigmentation) 1st brain tumor Heart rhabdomyomas Renal cell CA Shagreen spots (leathery) ```