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PP Immunology Flashcards

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0
Q

Which cytokines do Th cell stimulate?

A

Everything other than IL-1

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1
Q

Which cytokine do macrophages stimulate?

A

IL-1

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2
Q

Which enlarged lymph nodes are most likely malignant?

A

Supraclavicular
Epitrochlear ( above elbow)
Inguinal

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3
Q

What is CD8?

A

T(killer) or T(suppressor) cell

Respond to MHC-1(self)

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4
Q

Which of your cells express MHC-1?

A

All except RBC and platelets

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5
Q

What is CD4?

A

Th cell

Respond to MHC-2(non-self)

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6
Q

What type of immunity does TH1 provide?

A

Cell-mediated

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7
Q

What type of immunity does TH2 provide?

A

Humoral

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8
Q

What do B cell deficiency patients die of?

A

Bacterial infection

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9
Q

What is Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia?

A

Kids w/ B cell that don’t differentiate into plasma cell => low Ab

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10
Q

What is Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia?

A

Young adults w/ defective Tyrosine Kinase => no Ab

X-linked recessive ( boys)

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11
Q

What is Job-Buckley Syndrome?

A

Redheaded females

Stuck in IgE stage

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12
Q

What is Multiple Myeloma?

A

Multiple osteolytic lesion
IgG
u light chains
Rouleax

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13
Q

What is Heavy Chain Disease?

A

IgA and multiple myeloma of GI tract

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14
Q

What is selective IgG2 Deficiency?

A

Recurrent encapsulated infections

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15
Q

What is selective IgA deficiency?

A

Transfusion anaphylaxis

Mucous mm infection

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16
Q

What is Hairy Cell Leukemia?

A

Fried egg/ sunburst appearance

TRAP +

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17
Q

What is Ataxia Telangiectasia?

A

Low IgA

Neuro problems

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18
Q

What is hyper IgM syndrome?

A

High IgM

Low all other Ab

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19
Q

What do T cell deficiency patients die of?

A

Viral infection

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20
Q

What is DiGeorge Syndrome?

A

No thymus / inferior parathyroids

Low Ca

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21
Q

What is Chronic Mucocutaneus Candidiasis?

A

Te cell defect against C. albicans

Chronic infection

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22
Q

What is SCID?

A

No thymus
Frayed long bones
Baby dies by 18mo

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23
Q

What is Wiscott-Aldrich?

A 
Low IgM
Low platelets
High IgA
Eczema
Petechiae
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24
What does the CD4 count tell you?
Status of HIV (normal =1000)
25
What does the viral load tell you?
Progression of HIV
26
What organs have the most CD4 receptors?
``` Blood vessels Brain Testicle Cervix Rectum ```
27
What are the 3 test used to screen for HIV?
ELISA: detects IgG Ab to p24 Ag Western blood: see >2 proteins PCR: detects virus ( use in babies)
28
What is the definition of AIDS?
CD4 < 200/uL or clinical symptoms
29
What are the live vaccine?
"Bring Your Own Very Small Virus + MMR" - BCG - Yellow fever - OPV (Sabin) = oral polio - Varicella - Smallpox - rota Virus - Measles= rubeola - Mumps - Rubella = German 3-day measles
30
What is 1 Biliary Cirrhosis?
Anti-mitochondrial Ab Pruritis Female
31
What is 1 Sclerosing Cholangitis?
p-ANCA Ab Bile duct inflammation Onion skinning IBD
32
What is Type I Autoimmune Hepatitis?.
Anti-SM Ab | Young women
33
What is Type II Autoimmune Hepatitis?
Anti-LKM Ab | Kids
34
What is Bullous pemphigoid?
Anti-hemidesmosome Ab | Skin bullae
35
What is Celiac sprue?
Anti-gliaden Ab | Eating wheat => steatorrhea
36
What is CREST syndrome?
Anti-centomere Ab
37
What is Dermatitis herpetiformis?
Anti-BMZ Ab Anti-endomysial Ab Vesicles on anterior thigh
38
What is Dermatomyositis?
``` Anti-Jo-1 Ab Anti-GAD Ab Polyuria Polydipsia Weight loss ```
39
What is Drug-induced Lupus?
Anti-histones Ab | "HIPPPE" causes it
40
What is Gastritis Type A?
Anti-parietal cell Ab Atrophic gastritis AdenoCA
41
What is Goopasture's disease?
Anti-GBM Ab Attack lungs and kidney RPGN
42
What is Graves' disease?
Anti-TSHr Ab Hyperthyroid Bug eye Pretibial myxedema
43
What is Guillain Barre?
Anti-ganglioside Ab Ascending paralysis 2 w after URI
44
What is Hashimoto's?
Anti-microsomal Ab = TPO | Hypothyroid
45
What is ITP?
Anti-platelet Ab Anti-GP2b3a Ab Thrombocytopenia
46
What is Mixed CT disease?
Anti-RNP Ab
47
What is Mononucleosis?
Heterophile Ab | Teenager w/ sore throat
48
What is MPGN Type II?
Anti-C3 convertase Ab = C3 nephritic factor
49
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Anti-myelin Ab | Middle age female w/ vision problems
50
What is Myasthenia gravis?
Anti-AChr Ab Female w/ potsis Weaker as the day goes by
51
What is Paroxysmal hemolysis?
Donath Landosteines Ab | Bleeds when cold
52
What is Pemphigus vulgaris?
Anti-desmosome Ab | Sking sloughs off when touched
53
What is Pernicious anemia?
Anti-IF Ab | Vit B12 defi => Megaloblastic anemia
54
What is Polyarteritis Nodosa?
p-ANCAS Ab Attack gut and kidney Hep B
55
What is Post-strep GN?
ASO Ab | Nephritic w/ complement deposition
56
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid factor | Pain worst in the morning
57
What is Scleroderma?
Anti-Scl70 = anti-TopoI Fibrosis Tight skin
58
What is Sjögren's?
Anti-SSA Ab Dry eyes "sand in eye" Dry mouth Arthritis
59
What is SLE?
Anti-ds DNA / Sm / Cardioliping, rash
60
What is SLE cerebritis?
Anti-neuronal Ab | Anti-ribosomal Ab
61
What is Vitiligo?
Anti-melanocyte Ab | White patches
62
What is Warm hemolysis?
Anti-Rh Ab | Bleeds at body temp
63
What is Wegener's?
c-ANCA Ab Attacks ENT Lung Kidney
64
What is HSP?
IgA disease | 2 weeks after common cold => Berger's
65
What is Berger's?
IgA | 2 weeks after vaccination => Serum sickness
66
What is Alport's?
IgA disease | 2 weeks after diarrhea => HSP, polio
67
Lymph node drainage of Upper limb and lateral breast?
Axillary
68
Lymph node drainage of the Stomach?
Celiac
69
Lymph node drainage of the Duodenum and jejunum?
Superior Mesenteric
70
Lymph node drainage of the Sigmoid colon?
Colic -> Inferior Mesenteric
71
Lymph node drainage of rectum?
Internal iliac
72
Lymph node drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line?
Internal iliac
73
Lymph node drainage of the anal canal below the pectinate line?
Superficial inguinal
74
Lymph node drainage of the Testes?
Para-aortic
75
Lymph node drainage of the Scrotum?
Superficial inguinal
76
Lymph node drainage of the Thigh?
Superficial inguinal
77
Which are the capsulated Organism?
" Even Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsule" - E.coli - Strep. Pneumo - Klebsiella - H. Influenza - N. meningitidis - Cryptococcus neoformans
78
Which are the antigen presenting cell?
Macrophage B cells Dendritic cell
79
HLA A3 disease?
Hemochromatosis
80
HLA A6 disease?
Hemochromatosis
81
HLA B27 disease?
``` " PAIR" Psoriasis Ankylosing spondylitis Inflammatory bowel disease Reiter's syndrome ```
82
HLA DR3 disease?
DM Type I | Graves' disease
83
HLA DR4 disease?
DM Type I | Rheumatoid arthritis
84
What is Follicular Dendritic cell?
Has NO MHC | Important in the MATURATION and DIVERSIFICATION of the B cells
85
Which are the 3 activation pathway in the Complement system?
Classical: IgG or IgM mediated [ C1] Alternative: microbe surface molecule [ C3 ] Lecitin: mannose or other sugar on microbial surface
86
Which are the complement disorder?
- C1 esterase inhibitor defi -> hereditary angioedema, increase Bradykinin - C3 defi -> recurrente sinus and respi tract infection, increase susceptibility to Type III hypersensitivity - C5-9 defi -> Nisseria bacteremia - DAF defi -> complement-mediated lysis of RBCs, PNH
87
Which are the important IL?
``` IL 1 : fever IL 2 : T cell IL3 : Bone marrow ( B cells) IL 4: IgE, IgG IL5 : IgA, eosinophils IL12: induce Th1 ```
88
Which are the Chemotactic Agent?
IL-8 C5a Leukotriene B4
89
Which are the important Cytokines?
IL 2: T cell stimulation IFN gama: stimulates macrophage, inhibits Th2 IL 10: inhibits T cell and macrophages ( Th1) IL 4,5: B cell stimulation
90
Interferon ( IFN)?
Give the macrophages the ability to go to different places Alpha and beta -> inhibits VIRAL protein synthesis Gamma -> increase MHC I and II expression and antigen presentation in all cells
91
Which are the inactivated or killed vaccine?
``` Cholera Hep A Polio ( injected) Rabies IM influenza ```
92
What type of reaction induce the vaccine?
Live vaccine -> cell mediated { T cell } | Killed vaccine -> humoral mediated { B cell }
93
Type of Hypersensitivity?
"ACID" - Anaphylactic and Atopic (Type I) - Cytotoxic ( Type II): antibody mediated - Immune complex ( Type III): antibody against soluble antigen - Delayed ( Type IV): T cell mediated
94
Type II hypersensitivity disorder?
``` Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Pernicious anemia Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura Erythroblastosis fetalis Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction Rheumatic fever Good pastures syndrome Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris ```
95
Type III hypersensitivity disorder?
``` SLE Polyarteritis Nodosa Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction ```
96
Type IV hypersensitivity disorder?
``` Multiple sclerosis Guillain-Barré syndrome Graft vs host disease PPd Contact dermatitis ```
97
Which are the B cell disorder?
Bruton's ( X-linked agammaglobulinemia) Selective IgA deficiency Common variable immunodeficiency
98
Which are the T cell disorder?
DiGorge syndrome IL-12 receptor deficiency Hyper-IgE syndrome ( Job's syndrome) Chronic Mucocutaneus Candisiasis
99
Which are the B and T cell disorder?
SCID ( severe combined immunodeficiency ) { adenosine deaminase deficiency} Ataxia-telangiectasia Hyper-IgM syndrome Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
100
Which are the X-linked immune deficiency?
"WACH" - Wiskott-Aldrich - Bruton's - SCID, CGD - Hyper IgM
101
Which are the phagocyte dysfunction?
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Chediak-Higashi syndrome CGD
102
Type of Transplant rejection?
Hyperacute -> minutes, antibody mediated, preformed anti-donor antibodies Acute -> weeks, cell mediated due to CTLs reacting against foreign MHCs Chronic -> month to years, irreversible Graf vs host
103
Which are the immunosuppressants?
``` Cyclosporine Tacrolimus ( FK-506) Sirolimus ( rapamycin) Azathioprine Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3) ```
104
Cyclosporine?
- Binds to cyclophilins.Complex blocks the differentiation and activation of T cells by inhibiting Calcineurin, thus preventing the production of IL-2 and its receptors. - Supresses organ rejection - causes Nephrotoxicity
105
Tacrolimus ( FK-506)?
- Binds to FK-binding protein, inhibiting calcinerium and secretion of IL-2. - immunosuppressive used in organ transplant recipients - causes: Neurotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity
106
Sirolimus (rapamycin)?
- Inhibits mTOR. Inhibits T cell proliferation - Immunosuppression after kidney transplantation - causes: Hyperlipidemia, Trombocytopenia and Leukopenia
107
Azathioprine?
- Precursor of 6-mercaptopurine that interfers with the metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acids. - Use in kidney transplant - causes: Bone marrow suppression
108
Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3)?
- Antybody that binds to CD3 on surface of T cells. Blocks cellular interaction with CD3 protein responsible for T cell signal transduction - Immunosuppressant after kidney transplant - causes: Cytokine release syndrome

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