Practical 1 Flashcards
1
Q
erythrocytes
A
red blood cells
fun- transport O2 to body and CO2 to lungs
2
Q
lymphocyte
A
agran.
destroys foreign bodies and cancer/ virus
3
Q
monocyte
A
agran.
Consume dead cells and other cellular debris
4
Q
neutrophil
A
gran.
consumes bacteria
5
Q
eosinophil
A
gran.
attack eukary. parasites
6
Q
basophil
A
gran.
secrete histamine and heparin
vasodilator and anticogulant
7
Q
thrombocyte
A
platelet
clots blood
8
Q
Pericardial sac
A
Parietal pericardium
allows for elastic expansion and stability
outermost layer
9
Q
epicardium
A
visceral pericardium
2nd outermost layer
protects and houses blood vessels
10
Q
endocardium
A
innermost layer
lines heart chambers and covers valve surfaces
11
Q
myocardium
A
middle layer (thickest) houses muscle vortex for contraction
12
Q
L and R atrium
A
superior to ventricles
recieve blood from veins
13
Q
auricles
A
expansion off atriums for inc. vol.
14
Q
ventricles
A
inferior to atriums
pump blood out to arteries
15
Q
coronary sulcus
A
seperates atriums from ventricles
16
Q
interventricular septum
A
muscular wall btw ven.
17
Q
tricuspid valve
A
Right side
3 cusps
btw atrium and ven.
18
Q
bicuspid valve
A
left side
btw atrium and ven.
2 cusps
19
Q
chordae tendineae
A
connect valve cusps to papillary musc. on floor of ven.
20
Q
papillary muscles
A
prevent valves from flipping in or out
21
Q
pulmonary semilunar valve
A
opening btw right ven. and pulmonary trunk
22
Q
aortic semilunar valve
A
opening btw left ven. and trunk of aorta
23
Q
pulmonary trunk and arteries
A
recives o2 poor blood from right ven. and transports blood to lungs
24
Q
pulmonary veins
A
transport blood to left side of heart
25
infer. vena cava
drains diaphragm and below
26
superior vena cava
drains upper body
27
great cardiac vein
blood from anterior
| empties into coronary sinus
28
coronary sinus
posterior side
| empties into R atrium
29
right coronary artery
under r auricle
| blood to r atrium
30
left coronary artery
under L auricle
| blood to l atrium
31
cicumflex artery
blood to L atrium
32
anterior interven. artery (LAD)
blood to ventricles and 2/3 anterior side of interven. septum
33
posterior interven. artery (PDA)
blood to posterior interven. septum and wall of both ventricles
34
blood flow pathway
```
1- infer. and superior vena cava
2- right atrium
3- tricuspid valve
4- right ventricle
5- pulmonary valve/ trunk
6-pulmonary arteries (to lungs)
7-pulmonary veins
8- left atrium
9- bicuspid valve
10- left ventricle
11- aortic valve/ trunk
12- aorta and ascending aorta (to body)
```
35
pulse points (TCBRD)
```
Temporal
carotid
brachial
radial
dorsal
```
36
ascending aorta
heart
37
aortic arch
head and neck and upper arms
38
brachiocephalic trunk
right side head and neck
39
left subclavian artery
left arm
40
right subclavian artery
right arm
41
common carotid artery
head and neck
42
external carotid artery
head and neck
43
internal carotid artery
eye
44
desc. aorta
diaphragm
45
celiac trunk
liver and stomach
46
left gastic artery
stomach
47
common hepatic artery
liver
48
splenic artery
spleen
49
superior mesenteric artery
sm intestine
50
renal arteries
kidney
51
inferior mesenteric artery
colon
52
common iliac arteries
pelvis
53
internal jugular vein
neck
54
superior vena cava
heart
55
brachiocephalic vein
head and neck
56
subclavian vein
upper limbs
57
azygos vein
post. walls of abdomin
58
inferior vena cava
everything below diaphram except walls of abdomin
59
common iliac veins
pelvis
60
subclavian artery
costcocervical trunk
61
axillary artery
pectoral
62
brachial artery
humerous
63
radial artery
thumb
64
ulnar artery
forearm muscles
65
subclavian vein
upper limbs
66
axillary vein
pectoral
67
brachial vein
humerous
68
basilic vein
skin of forearm
69
cephalic vein
skin lateral forearm
70
median cubital vein
superficial forearm
71
ulnar vein
hand muscles
72
radial vein
thumb
73
external iliac artery
abdominal wall
74
internal iliac artery
pelvic wall
75
femoral artery
thigh muscles
76
external iliac vein
anter. abdom. wall
77
internal iliac vein
pelvis
78
great saphenous vein
foot
79
femoral vein
femur
80
small saphenous vein
medial thigh
81
mucosa
inner lining
| inc. loose CT and SM M
82
submucosa
thickest layer
Loost CT
blood vessels and lymphatics
83
muscularis externa
double layer
| fun- respons. for indep mvmnt in peristalsis
84
serosa
areolar T
| beginings in lwr esoph and ends before rectum
85
lacteal
absorbs lipids in lymphat. capill
86
parietal peritoneum
lines walls abdom
| fun- secretes and absorbs serous fluid w/in peritoneal cavity
87
visceral peritoneum
coats outer surface of abdom. organs
| fun-secretes and absorbs serous fluid w/in peritoneal cavity
88
greater omentum
layer covers all abdom cavity below stomach
| fun- stores fat
89
lesser omentum
btw stomach and liver
90
gingiva
gums
91
tongue
muscular organ w/ muscous mem
92
hard palate
middle top
| btw oral and nasal cav
93
soft palate
posterior part of palate
94
uvula
hangs down in back mouth
fun- swallow reflex
connected to soft palate
95
parotid- (salivary glands)
secretes saliva
96
sublingual- (saliv. glands)
under tongue
| secrets saliva
97
submandibular- (saliv. glands)
c shaped
under tongue
fun- produces majority of saliva
98
nasopharynx
connects nasal cavity to pharynx
99
oropharynx
contains palatine and linguinal tonsils
| fun- swallowing
100
laryngopharynx
fun- swallowing
101
incisor-(teeth)
directly beside front 2 teeth
| fun- biting and cutting
102
canine- (teeth)
eye teeth
| fun- grabing and holding food
103
premolar (bicuspid)
behind eye teeth
| fun- grinding and crushing
104
molar (tricuspid)
1st molar of 3
closest to front
fun- grinding and crushing
105
esophagus
sm and striated musc.
| fun- food from pharynx to stomach
106
lower esophageal sphincter
btw stomach and esoph
| fun- prevents reflux of stomach contents
107
cardiac region - (stomach)
junction btw esophagus and stomach
| fun- Peristaltic contractions move contents toward pyloric sphincter
108
fundus- (stomach)
upper dome shaped part
| fun- Peristaltic contractions move contents toward pyloric sphincter
109
body- (stomach)
large part
| fun- facilitate digestion, mix food w/ gastric secretions
110
pyloric region- (stomach)
on right side of stomach body
| regulate discharge of stomach contents into duod.
111
rugae
wrinkles in stomach when empty
| from muscosa and submuc
112
greater curvature- (stomach)
outer part
| lines body of stomach
113
lesser curvature- (stomach)
lines concave part towards top
114
pyloric sphincter- (stomach)
sm ring in pylorus
| fun- reg. disch. stomach contents into duod.
115
duodenum- (sm in)
c shape
| fun- reciev. chyme (stomach) and digestion of carbs, lipids and proteins
116
jejunum- (sm in)
2nd
| fun- chem diges. + nutrie. absorption
117
ileum- (sm in)
3rd
| fun- chem diges. + nutrie. absorption
118
intestinal glands- (sm in)
pores open into glands on floor of sm in
| fun- inc SA for absorp
119
plicae circulares- (sm in)
folds in sm in from mucous mem
| cresent like shape
120
villi- (sm in)
on inner lining
| connect to goblet cells (mucous secreting)
121
microvilli- (sm in)
extensions of plasma mem
| form brush border
122
major duodenal papilla- (sm in)
tiny duct
| fun- transp bile and pan. secret. from ampulla to sm in
123
ileocecal jun. (valve) - sm in
btw ileum (sm) and cecum (lrg in)
124
cecum- (lrg in)
r side
| fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp
125
appendix- (lrg in)
@end of cecum (lrg in)
| fun- defense against infect.
126
ascending colon- (lrg in)
right side
| fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp
127
transverse colon- (lrg in)
runs horizontal acrost cavity
| fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp
128
descending colon- (lrg in)
fun- vitam (B+K) made by colon
129
sigmoid colon- (lrg in)
s shape
| fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp
130
rectum- (lrg in)
btw sigmoid and anal canal
| fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp
131
anus- (lrg in)
butthole
| opening/ end canal
132
haustra
pouches of bowel in lrg in.
| give waves look
133
teniae coli
sm bands
| fun- facilitate peralisis
134
right lobe- (liver)
lrg half
| fun- removes damaged blood cells and bac.
135
left lobe- (liver)
sm half
| fun- removes damaged blood cells and bac.
136
caudate lobe- (liver)
next 2 inferior vena cava
| fun- removes damaged blood cells and bac.
137
quadrate lobe- (liver)
fun- modifies horm
detoxifys drugs and alcoh
secretes plasma proteins
138
gall bladder
below liver
| fun- storage, concentration + release bile
139
cystic duct
btw gallbladder + common hepatic duct
| fun- collect and transp bile
140
common bile duct
end by head pancreas
| fun- collect and transp bile
141
Head- (pancreas)
endo- release horm into blood
| exo- diges w/ secretion of panc. juice
142
body- (pancreas)
endo- release horm into blood
| exo- diges w/ secretion of panc. juice
143
tail- (pancreas)
endo- reg. glucose metab.
| exo- secrete juice for digestion
144
main pancreatic duct
begins in tail
| fun- transp diges. enzymes to duodenum
145
hepatopancreatic ampulla
@ junction btw pancreas and bile duct
| fun- transp bile and panc. exocrine secretions to intestines
