Practical Flashcards

Question

Drops. Prescribe 20 ml 50% Hexalgin solution, containing 500 mg metamizol in 20 drops. To be administered 500 mg 2-3times per day.

Answer 1

**Rp/ Solutionis Metamizol 50% 20ml Da signa : Take 20 drops 2 times daily**

Answer 2

**Rp./ Solutionis Iomefloxacin 0,3%% 5ml** **Da. Signa. Applied one drop into the conjunctival sac twice daily** **lomefloxacin ——> Treat bacterial eye infections such as conjunctivitis , kills/inhibits bacterial growth , reduces inflammation**

Answer 3

**Rp./ Solutionis Xylometasoline 0.1% 10ml Da.Signa. 2 drops into each nostril 3 times per day** Xylometasoline —-> constricts blood vessels in nasal passage , reduces swelling and congestion

Answer 4

**Rp/ Solutionis Otipax 5ml Da signa : 5 Drops several times per day** Otipax—-> Treats ear infections has lidocaine (local anasthesia) and phenazone which has analgesic effects ( releives pain)

Answer 5

**Rp./ Solutionis Sodium Chloride 0,9% 500ml ) Da. Signa. 1 vial daily by infusion** Known as saline solution (fluid replacement) 0.9% is the normal concentration for fluid replacement

Answer 6

**Rp/ Lotionis Acne out active 60ml Da signa : Apply to face lesions 2 times daily** May contain salicylic acid to fight acne or benzoyl peroxide

Answer 7

**Rp/ Shampoo Ketoconazole 60ml Da signa : apply on the scalp and rub in the skin once per day. Rinse the scalp afterwards with water for 15 minutes**

Answer 8

**Rp/ Unguenti Fucidin 2% 15g Da signa : Apply to skin 2 times daily** Treats bacterial skin infections: Impetigo/ dermatitis

Answer 9

**Rp/ Unguenti Tobrun 0.3% 5g Da signa : Apply ointment 3 times daily in the eye**

Answer 10

**Rp/ Creme Fucidin 2% 15mg Da signa : Apply to skin once per day** Treats bacterial skin infections such as impetgio or dermatitis

Answer 11

**Rp/ Creme Clindamycin Vaginalis Da signa : Apply to the vagina once daily** Treats bacterial infections in vaginal area such as bacterial vaginosis

Answer 12

**Rp/ Creme Pharmatex Vaginalis 72g Da signa : Apply to the vagina prior to sexual intercourse** - Non hormonal contraceptive method - Contains Benzalkonium chloride and colloidal sulphur these substances creates a barrier and destroys sperm

Answer 13

**Rp/ Ketoprofen gel 2.5% 20g Da signa : Apply to affected area twice a day**

Answer 14

**Rp/ Spray Salbutamol 0.2% 10ml Da signa : Inhale by mouth 1 puff 3 times daily** Known as Albuterol ,Bronchodilator common in Asthma or COPD

Answer 15

**Rp/ Spray Beclometasone nasalis 10ml Da signa : One spraydose in each nostril 3 times daily** Corticosteroid , treat’s allergic rhinitis

Answer 16

Rp./ Solutionis Natrii Citras 4% 150ml Da. Signa. Take one tablespoon 3 times daily Rp./ Natrii Citras 6g Aquae destillatet ad 150ml Misce fiat solutio Signa : take one tablespoon three times daily Urinary Alkalinisation anticoagulant

Answer 17

**Rp/ Solutionis Rivanol 0.1% 200ml Da signa : Apply to the skin for treatment of wounds** Antiseptic

Answer 18

**Rp/ Solutionis Lodi spirituosae 5% 100ml Da signa : Apply to affected area of skin** Antiseptic

Answer 19

**Rp/ Solutionis Hydrogen Peroxide 3% 100ml Da Signa : Apply to the effected area of skin when needed** Antiseptic

Answer 20

**Rp./ Kalii jodidum 6g Natrii Bromidum 10g Sirupi menthae 90ml children / 60 ml adults Aquae destillatae ad 30ml Misce fiat mixtura Da. Signa. One tablespoonful three times daily** Pottasium iodide and Sodium Bromide Treats Respiratory conditions, Mint can help in cough , throat irritation and flavour

Answer 21

**Rp/ Solutionis Tinctura Valerianae aerherea 15ml Da signa 15 drops 2 times daily orally** Calming sedative effects used for sleeping disorders anxiety and nervousness , Valerian is a herb

Answer 22

**Short Version: Rp./ Solutionis Collargoli nasalis 2% 10 ml Da. Signa 2 drops into each nostril, 3 times daily** **Long Version: Rp./ Collargoli 0,2g Aquae destillatae ad 10ml Misce fiat solutio Da.Signa: 2 drops into each nostril, 3 times daily** Used for bacterial or viral infections in nasal passage

Answer 23

**Short version Rp./ Unguenti Acidum salicylium 5% 50g Da. Signa Apply to affected area 3 times daily** **Long version: Rp./ Acidi Salicyclici 2,5g Vaselini ad 50g Misce fiat unguentum Da. Signa: Apply to affected area 3 times daily** Used for warts and calluses,acne oxfoliates outer layer of skin

Answer 24

**Rp./ Oleum Lini Aquae deatillatae aa 150ml Misce fiat linimentum Da. Signa. Apply to the affected area twice daily** Emollient which prevents inflammation

Answer 25

DL = loading dose (mg) Vd = distribution volume (L/ Kg) Css = Steady state concentration (mg/ L) DL = Vd x Css —> DL = (70 x 0.5) x 2 —> **70 mg** Vd = 0,5; Css = 2 mg/ L; Patient =70 kg —> Patient Vd = 70 x 0.5

Answer 26

So, the adjusted dosage interval for Gentamicin in a patient with renal failure would be approximately 21.64 hours. However, in practical terms, the dosage interval is usually rounded to the nearest practical dosing time, so the new dosage interval might be rounded to the nearest convenient time, such as 24 hours in clinical practice.

Answer 27

**D = Vol x Css D = 350 mg; Css = 10 ml; VL = ? Vd= D /Css = 350/10 = 35**

Answer 28

**Rp/ Collyrium Pilocarpine 2% 10ml Da signa : 1 drop into eyes twice daily** -Cholinomimetic—-> Mimics acetylcholine helps muscle contraction -Atropine Anticholinergic drug , dilates pupil , antidote for organophosphate poisoning -Timolol Beta blocker lower Intraocular pressure in conditions like glaucoma -Pilocarpine Constricts pupil and increase drainage from aqueous humor of eye , good in glaucoma

Answer 29

**Rp/ Galantamine 1mg/1ml Da tales doses N5 in ampullis Signa : Take 1 ampoule per day subcutaneously** Carbachol Cholinomimetic drug that stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, used for conditions like glaucoma Galantamine = Acetylcholine inhibitor used in Alzhimers disease Atropine Antimuscarinic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors, used to dilate pupils and treat bradycardia antidote as well Cholinesterase breaks Acetylcholine down so we inhibit this cholinesterase this way we get more Acetylcholine

Answer 30

**Rp./ Atropine 1mg/1ml Da tales doses N3 in ampullis Signa. 1 ampule daily i.m. ( /i.v. / s.c.)** Pyridostigmine = Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in myasthenia gravis hyoscine butylbromide = treats IBD

Answer 31

**Rp./ Midodrine 2.5 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in Tabulettis Signa: Take 1 tablet morning/ evening** 1. Midodrine: • Function: Alpha1-adrenergic agonist. • Group: Adrenergic agents used in the management of orthostatic hypotension. 2. Xylometazoline: • Function: Alpha1-adrenergic agonist (commonly used as a nasal decongestant). • Group: Nasal decongestants. 3. Ephedrine: • Function: Mixed alpha and beta adrenergic agonist. • Group: Sympathomimetic agent with a range of uses, including bronchodilation, raising blood pressure, and treating nasal congestion.

Answer 32

**Rp./ Xylometazoline 0.1% 10 ml Signa: 1 or 2 drops, every 6 hours nasally** 1. Pilocarpine: • Function: Muscarinic agonist. • Group: Cholinergic drugs. • Use: Commonly used to treat glaucoma by promoting the drainage of aqueous humor from the eye. 2. Timolol: • Function: Non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker). • Group: Beta-blockers. • Use: Often prescribed to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma and manage certain cardiovascular conditions. 3. Xylometazoline: • Function: Alpha1-adrenergic agonist. • Group: Nasal decongestants. • Use: Primarily used as a nasal decongestant to relieve nasal congestion.

Answer 33

**Rp./ Adrenaline 0.1% 1ml Da tales doses No 5 in Ampullis I.M. Signa: 1 subcutaneous injection per day** Noradrenaline= non-selective adrenomimetic, BUT α effects > β effects Ioprenaline = mainly used for its Beta adrenergic effects increase HR and bronchodilation Adrenaline = Alpha and beta receptros adrenomimetic , Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest , severe asthma attacks

Answer 34

**Rp/ Salbutamol 0.2% 10ml Signa : 2 puffs 3 times daily** 1. Isoprenaline: • Function: Non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist. • Use: Bronchodilation and treatment of bradycardia. • Note: May cause heart tachyarrhythmias. 2. Salbutamol: • Function: Selective beta2-adrenergic agonist. • Use: Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD. • Note: Preferred over isoprenaline for reducing the risk of heart tachyarrhythmias. 3. Ephedrine: • Function: Non-selective alpha and beta adrenergic agonist. • Use: Bronchodilation and nasal decongestion. • Note: Can increase heart rate and blood pressure, with a potential for cardiac side effects.

Answer 35

**Rp/ Metoprolol 50mg Da scatulum N1 in tabulettis Signa : Take 1 tablet daily** 1. Metoprolol: • Function: Selective beta1-adrenergic blocker. • Use: Primarily prescribed for conditions like hypertension, angina, and heart failure. • Why: Its selectivity for beta1 receptors makes it suitable for cardiovascular conditions while minimizing bronchoconstriction, making it a preferred choice in patients with respiratory concerns. 2. Salbutamol: • Function: Beta2-adrenergic agonist. • Use: Used for bronchodilation in conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). • Why: Salbutamol has a different mechanism, promoting bronchodilation instead of beta-blockade, making it inappropriate for addressing cardiovascular conditions like hypertension. 3. Propranolol: • Function: Non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker. • Use: Treats various cardiovascular conditions but may cause bronchoconstriction. • Why: While effective for cardiovascular issues, its non-selectivity for beta receptors may lead to adverse respiratory effects, making it less suitable than metoprolol in patients with respiratory concerns.

Answer 36

**Rp/ Atenolol 25mg Da scatulam No. 1 in Tabulettis Signa: 1 tablet in the morning, 1 in the evening** 1. **Propranolol:** - **Function:** Non-selective beta-blocker. - **Use:** Cardiovascular conditions, but caution in respiratory issues due to potential bronchoconstriction. 2. **Carvedilol:** - **Function:** Non-selective beta-blocker and alpha-blocker. - **Use:** Heart failure, hypertension, and post-myocardial infarction. 3. **Atenolol:** - **Function:** Selective beta1-blocker. - **Use:** Hypertension, angina, and post-myocardial infarction.

Answer 37

**Rp/ Clonidine 0.15mg Da scatulam No 1 in Tabulettis Signa 1 tablet in the morning, 1 in the evening** 1. Simvastatin: • Function: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin). • Use: Lowers cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. • Note: Primarily used for managing hypercholesterolemia. 2. Nebivolol: • Function: Beta1-adrenergic blocker with vasodilatory effects. • Use: Treats hypertension and heart failure. • Note: Known for its vasodilatory action through nitric oxide release. 3. Clonidine: • Function: Alpha2-adrenergic agonist. • Use: Manages hypertension and withdrawal symptoms in opioid dependence. • Note: Acts centrally to reduce sympathetic outflow, leading to decreased blood pressure.

Answer 38

**Rp./ Prazosin 1mg Da scatulam No 1 in tabulettis Signa: 1 tablet in the morning, 1 in the evening** 1. Phenylephrine: • Function: Alpha1-adrenergic agonist. • Use: Nasal decongestant and to raise blood pressure in certain medical situations. • Note: Primarily acts on alpha1 receptors. 2. Prazosin: • Function: Alpha1-adrenergic blocker. • Use: Treats hypertension and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). • Note: Blocks alpha1 receptors, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. 3. Carvedilol: • Function: Non-selective beta-blocker and alpha1-blocker. • Use: Heart failure, hypertension, and post-myocardial infarction. • Note: Has both beta and alpha-blocking properties, providing a unique combination for cardiovascular benefits.

Answer 39

**Rp. Loratidine 10mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa: 1 tablet daily** 1. Promethazine: • Function: First-generation antihistamine with antiemetic properties. • Use: Treats allergy symptoms, nausea, and vomiting. • Note: Can cause sedation and is often used for motion sickness. 2. Loratadine: • Function: Second-generation antihistamine. • Use: Relieves allergy symptoms without causing significant sedation. • Note: Preferred for its non-sedating properties. 3. Ranitidine: • Function: H2-receptor antagonist. • Use: Treats conditions like peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). • Note: Reduces stomach acid production by blocking H2 receptors.

Answer 40

**Rp./ Lidocaine 0.5% 10ml Da tales doses No 5 in Ampullis Signa: 1 ampule daily, given as I.V** 1. **Procaine:** - **Function:** Local anesthetic. - **Use:** Used for local anesthesia in various medical procedures. - **Note:** Procaine is an ester-type local anesthetic with a shorter duration of action compared to amide-type local anesthetics. 2. **Ketamine:** - **Function:** Dissociative anesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist. - **Use:** Induces anesthesia and analgesia; also used for sedation and pain management. - **Note:** Known for its hallucinogenic effects and unique mechanism of action. 3. **Lidocaine:** - **Function:** Local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent. - **Use:** Used for local and regional anesthesia, and in cardiac arrhythmias. - **Note:** Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic with a rapid onset and intermediate duration of action.

Answer 41

**Rp./ Zolpidem 40mg Da scatulam No 1 in Tabulettis Signa: 1 tablet before sleep** 1. **Melatonin:** - **Function:** Endogenous hormone and exogenous supplement. - **Use:** Regulates sleep-wake cycles, often used for sleep disorders and jet lag. - **Note:** Mimics the natural sleep hormone produced by the pineal gland. 2. **Zolpidem:** - **Function:** Sedative-hypnotic, non-benzodiazepine. - **Use:** Treats insomnia by promoting sleep initiation. - **Note:** Works on GABA receptors in a similar manner to benzodiazepines but has a different chemical structure. 3. **Cinolazepam:** - **Function:** Benzodiazepine derivative. - **Use:** Sedative and anxiolytic properties, used for insomnia and anxiety disorders. - **Note:** Acts on GABA receptors, similar to other benzodiazepines, with effects on central nervous system depression.

Answer 42

**Rp./ Phenytoin 100 mg Da scatulam No 1 in Tabulettis Signa: 1 tablet 3 times/ day** 1. **Phenobarbital:** - **Function:** Barbiturate antiepileptic. - **Use:** Treats seizures and epilepsy. - **Note:** Acts by enhancing the effects of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. 2. **Ethosuximide:** - **Function:** Antiepileptic agent. - **Use:** Specifically used for absence seizures. - **Note:** Works by blocking T-type calcium channels in neurons. 3. **Phenytoin:** - **Function:** Antiepileptic, sodium channel blocker. - **Use:** Treats various types of seizures. - **Note:** Stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting sodium influx.

Answer 43

**Rp./ Ethosuximide 250mg Da scatulam No 1 in capsulis Signa: 1 capsule in the morning, 1 in the evening** 1. **Diazepam:** - **Function:** Benzodiazepine, antiepileptic, and anxiolytic. - **Use:** Treats anxiety, seizures, and muscle spasms. - **Note:** Enhances the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. 2. **Ethosuximide:** - **Function:** Antiepileptic agent. - **Use:** Specifically used for absence seizures. - **Note:** Blocks T-type calcium channels in neurons. 3. **Carbamazepine:** - **Function:** Antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing agent. - **Use:** Treats seizures, trigeminal neuralgia, and bipolar disorder. - **Note:** Acts by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing the excitability of neurons.

Answer 44

**Rp./ Phenobarbital 200 mg/ 2 ml Da tales doses No 5 in ampullis Signa 1 ampule to be taken I.M. when necessary** 1. **Ethosuximide:** - **Function:** Antiepileptic agent. - **Use:** Specifically used for absence seizures. - **Note:** Works by blocking T-type calcium channels in neurons. - **Reason for not choosing:** Ethosuximide is typically administered orally, and it's not commonly used parenterally. 2. **Sodium Valproate:** - **Function:** Antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing agent. - **Use:** Treats various types of seizures and bipolar disorder. - **Note:** Mechanism includes enhancing GABA activity and blocking sodium channels. - **Reason for not choosing:** While sodium valproate can be administered parenterally, phenobarbital is often preferred in certain emergency situations for rapid control of seizures. 3. **Phenobarbital:** - **Function:** Barbiturate antiepileptic. - **Use:** Treats seizures and epilepsy. - **Note:** Acts by enhancing the effects of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. - **Reason for choosing:** Phenobarbital is chosen for parenteral administration in emergency situations due to its efficacy in controlling various types of seizures, including grand mal seizures. It is available in injectable forms and is often used when rapid intervention is required.

Answer 45

**Rp./ Diazepam 10mg/ 2ml Da tales doses No 5 in ampullis Signa 1 ampule to be taken I.V. when necessary** 1. **Bromazepam:** - **Function:** Benzodiazepine, anxiolytic, and sedative-hypnotic. - **Use:** Treats anxiety disorders. - **Note:** Acts on GABA receptors to produce calming effects. - **Reason for not choosing:** Bromazepam is not commonly used in the management of status epilepticus. Its onset of action may not be as rapid as needed in emergency seizure situations. 2. **Diazepam:** - **Function:** Benzodiazepine, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant. - **Use:** Treats anxiety, seizures, and muscle spasms. - **Note:** Enhances the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. - **Reason for choosing:** Diazepam is often preferred in emergencies like status epilepticus due to its rapid onset of action and effectiveness in stopping seizures quickly. It can be administered intravenously or rectally. 3. **Flumazenil:** - **Function:** Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. - **Use:** Reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases of overdose or during anesthesia. - **Note:** Competitively binds to benzodiazepine receptors, blocking the actions of benzodiazepines. - **Reason for not choosing:** Flumazenil is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines and is not typically used in the management of seizures like diazepam.

Answer 46

**Rp./ Carbamazepine 200mg Da scatulam No 1 in Tabulettis Signa: 1 tablet in the morning, 1 in the evening** 1. Morphine: • Function: Opioid analgesic. • Use: Treats moderate to severe pain. • Note: Not a first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Opioids are generally not recommended for neuropathic pain due to the risk of addiction and limited efficacy. 2. Carbamazepine: • Function: Antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing agent. • Use: Effective in treating trigeminal neuralgia and certain types of seizures. • Note: Works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing nerve impulses. First-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. 3. Chlorpromazine: • Function: Antipsychotic and antiemetic. • Use: Treats psychotic disorders and nausea/vomiting. • Note: Not a first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Antipsychotics are not typically indicated for neuropathic pain.

Answer 47

**Rp./ Co-Careldopa 250mg / 25mg Da scatulam No 1 in Tabulettis Signa: 1 Tablet in the morning, 1 in the evening** 1. Co-Careldopa: • Composition: Contains 250 mg Levodopa plus 25 mg peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor. • Function: Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine, and the inhibitor helps increase Levodopa’s availability in the brain. • Use: Treatment of Parkinson’s disease. 2. Selegiline: • Function: Monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitor. • Use: Adjunctive therapy in Parkinson’s disease. • Note: Slows the breakdown of dopamine, enhancing its effects. 3. Biperiden: • Function: Anticholinergic agent. • Use: Treats parkinsonian symptoms, particularly tremors and rigidity. • Note: Counteracts excessive acetylcholine in the brain, helping to restore balance in neurotransmitters.

Answer 48

**Rp./ Haloperido 5mg/ 1ml Da tales doses No 5 in ampullis Signa: 1 Ampule I.M. when necessary** • Oxazepam: While effective for anxiety, it is not typically used for acute agitation. Its onset is slower, and it’s more commonly administered orally for conditions like anxiety and alcohol withdrawal. 3. Haloperidol: • Function: Typical antipsychotic. • Use: Treats schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. • Note: Primarily blocks dopamine receptors in the brain. • Thioridazine: This typical antipsychotic has been associated with potentially serious side effects, including cardiac issues, which limits its use. Haloperidol is often preferred in emergency settings for its safety profile.

Answer 49

**Rp./ Sertraline 50mg Da scatulam No 1 in Tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet daily** 1. Clomipramine: • Type: Tricyclic antidepressant. • Function: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. • Use: Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and other depressive disorders. • Consideration: Non-selective action, leading to potential anticholinergic and cardiovascular side effects. 2. Sertraline: • Type: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). • Function: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin. • Use: Commonly prescribed for depression and various anxiety disorders. • Consideration: More selective action on serotonin, generally associated with a more favorable side effect profile compared to tricyclic antidepressants. 3. Maprotiline: • Type: Tetracyclic antidepressant with noradrenergic and serotonergic effects. • Function: Inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine. • Use: Treatment of depression. • Consideration: Potential anticholinergic and cardiovascular side effects, similar to tricyclic antidepressants.

Answer 50

**Rp./ Bromazepam 3mg Da scatulam No 1 in Tabulettis Signa. 1 - 3 to be taken daily** Bromazepam: • Anxiolytic with mild hypnotic effects. • Suitable for anxiety disorders. • Intermediary duration of action. • Controlled drug, providing regulatory oversight. • Prescribed in tablet form for convenient administration. Midazolam: • Short-acting benzodiazepine. • Primarily used for sedation before medical procedures or in emergency situations. • Rapid onset and short duration of action. • Less suitable for treating chronic anxiety due to its short duration. Diazepam: • Intermediate to long-acting benzodiazepine. • Treats anxiety, seizures, and muscle spasms. • Broader range of applications, including muscle relaxation and anticonvulsant effects. • Controlled drug but with a longer duration of action compared to midazolam. Each benzodiazepine has distinct characteristics, including onset and duration of action, specific therapeutic uses, and regulatory considerations. The choice depends on the patient’s condition, the desired effects, and individual factors. In this case, bromazepam is chosen for its anxiolytic and mild hypnotic effects, suitable for treating anxiety with additional sleep-promoting benefits.

Answer 51

**Rp./ Piracetam 400mg Da scatulam No 1 in Capsullis Signa: 1 - 2 capsules every 8 hours** 1. Vinpocetine: • Type: Cognitive enhancer and vasodilator. • Function: Improves cerebral blood flow and may have neuroprotective effects. • Use: Often used as a nootropic, potentially enhancing cognitive function. 2. Mianserin: • Type: Tetracyclic antidepressant. • Function: Primarily used to treat depression. • Note: May have sedative effects. 3. Piracetam: • Type: Nootropic agent. • Function: Belongs to the racetam class, thought to enhance cognitive function. • Use: Often used to improve memory and cognitive performance.

Answer 52

**Rp./ Pethidine 5% 2ml Da tales doses No 5 in ampullis Signa 1 ampules I.M. when necessary** 1. Metamizole: • Type: Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic. • Function: Relieves pain and reduces fever. • Use: Commonly used for various types of pain, including postoperative pain. 2. Ibuprofen: • Type: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). • Function: Reduces inflammation, pain, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins. • Use: Often used for mild to moderate pain and inflammation. 3. Pethidine (Meperidine): • Type: Opioid analgesic. • Function: Acts on opioid receptors to relieve moderate to severe pain. • Use: Typically used for acute pain, postoperative pain, and certain medical procedures.

Answer 53

**Rp./ Paracetamol 500mg Da scatulam No 1 in Tabulettis Signa 1 tablet when necessary, 4 - 6 max a day** 1. Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin): • Type: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). • Function: Reduces inflammation, pain, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins. • Use: Commonly used for mild to moderate pain and as an antiplatelet agent. 2. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): • Type: Non-opioid analgesic. • Function: Relieves pain and reduces fever. • Use: Widely used for various types of pain and as an antipyretic. 3. Tramadol: • Type: Opioid analgesic. • Function: Acts on opioid receptors to relieve moderate to moderately severe pain. • Use: Typically used for various types of pain, including postoperative pain and chronic conditions.

Answer 54

**Rp./ Ibuprofen 200mg (max daily dose 1200 mg per 24hrs) Da scatulam No 1 in film-tabulettis Signa 1 tablet when necessary** 1. Ibuprofen: • Type: Propionic acid derivative (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID). • Reason for choosing: Ibuprofen is widely used for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Its propionic acid derivative structure contributes to its mechanism of action in inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. 2. Diclofenac: • Type: Phenylacetic acid derivative (NSAID). • Consideration: Diclofenac is another NSAID with anti-inflammatory properties, but its structure is derived from phenylacetic acid. It is effective in treating various inflammatory conditions. 3. Meloxicam: • Type: Enolic acid derivative (NSAID). • Consideration: Meloxicam, while also an NSAID, is derived from enolic acid. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, commonly prescribed for conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 55

**Rp./ Lanitop 0,1 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tablettis Signa**

Answer 56

**Rp./ Digoxin 0,25mg/2ml Da tales doses No. 10 in ampullis Signa 2 ampoules daily in a slow i.v. Infusion** 1. Dobutamine: • Type: Beta-1 adrenergic agonist. • Function: Inotropic agent that stimulates the heart, increasing cardiac output. • Use: Often used in heart failure or conditions requiring increased cardiac contractility. 2. Digoxin: • Type: Cardiac glycoside. • Function: Increases the force of myocardial contractions and slows the heart rate. • Use: Commonly used in heart failure and certain arrhythmias. 3. Milrinone: • Type: Phosphodiesterase inhibitor. • Function: Inotropic and vasodilator effects, improving cardiac output. • Use: Typically used in acute heart failure and conditions where increased cardiac contractility is needed.

Answer 57

**Rp./ Torasemide 5 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet daily** 1. Indapamide: • Type: Thiazide-like diuretic. • Function: Promotes diuresis (increased urine production) by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. • Use: Often used to treat hypertension and edema. 2. Torasemide: • Type: Loop diuretic. • Function: Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys, leading to increased urine production. • Use: Commonly used to treat edema associated with heart failure and hypertension. 3. Chlorthalidone: • Type: Thiazide diuretic. • Function: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, promoting diuresis. • Use: Used to treat hypertension and edema.

Answer 58

**Rp./ Dipyridamole 25 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet 3 times per day** 1. Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin): • Function: Inhibits platelet aggregation and acts as an antianginal. • Use: Widely used as an antiplatelet agent for cardiovascular protection and in the management of angina. 2. Ticlopidine: • Function: Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. • Use: Used to prevent blood clots in conditions such as after coronary stent placement. 3. Dipyridamole: • Function: Inhibits platelet aggregation and has vasodilatory effects. • Use: Used as an antianginal agent and often in combination with other medications for cardiovascular protection. Why Dipyridamole: Dipyridamole is chosen for its dual action as an antianginal and an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Its vasodilatory effects contribute to its antianginal properties, making it suitable for certain cardiovascular conditions. Always consider individual patient characteristics and consult with a healthcare professional for personalized medical advice.

Answer 59

**Rp./ Glycerylnitrate 0,5 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in lingvettis Signa 1 tablet under the tongue when necessary, max 3 tablets in 30 mins, if symptoms remain call emergency service** 1. Bisoprolol: • Type: Beta-blocker. • Function: Blocks the effects of adrenaline on the heart, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. • Use: Often prescribed for conditions like hypertension and heart failure. 2. Glyceryl Trinitrate (Nitroglycerin): immediate emergency • Type: Nitrate. • Function: Dilates blood vessels, primarily veins, reducing the workload on the heart and improving blood flow. • Use: Commonly used for the relief of angina symptoms. 3. Trimetazidine: (2nd line of treatment) not in emergency taken as prevention over time • Type: Metabolic agent. • Function: Improves the efficiency of energy production in the heart muscle cells. • Use: Often used in the management of angina.

Answer 60

**Rp./ Verapamil 40 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet 3 times a day** 1. Propranolol: • Type: Beta-blocker. • Function: Blocks the effects of adrenaline, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Also used for migraine prevention. • Use: Commonly prescribed for hypertension, angina, and migraine prophylaxis. 2. Flunarizine: • Type: Calcium channel blocker. • Function: Blocks calcium channels, reducing calcium entry into cells, which can help prevent migraines. • Use: Primarily used for the prevention of migraine attacks. 3. Verapamil: • Type: Calcium channel blocker. • Function: Inhibits calcium entry into cells, leading to vasodilation and reduced cardiac workload. • Use: Prescribed for hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias.

Answer 61

**Rp./ Nebivolol 5 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet every morning** 1. Carvedilol: • Type: Non-selective beta-blocker and alpha-1 blocker. • Function: Blocks beta receptors and alpha-1 receptors, reducing heart rate, blood pressure, and workload on the heart. • Use: Prescribed for heart failure, hypertension, and certain cardiovascular conditions. 2. Nebivolol: • Type: Selective beta-1 blocker with vasodilatory properties. • Function: Blocks beta-1 receptors, reducing heart rate, and has additional vasodilatory effects. • Use: Often used for hypertension and heart failure. 3. Propranolol: • Type: Non-selective beta-blocker. • Function: Blocks beta receptors, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Also used for migraine prevention. • Use: Prescribed for conditions like hypertension, angina, and migraine prophylaxis.

Answer 62

**Rp./ Amlodipine 5 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet per day** 1. Diltiazem: • Type: Calcium channel blocker. • Function: Inhibits calcium entry into cells, leading to vasodilation and reduced cardiac workload. • Use: Prescribed for hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias. 2. Amlodipine: • Type: Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. • Function: Blocks calcium entry into cells, resulting in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. • Use: Commonly used for hypertension and certain cardiovascular conditions. 3. Verapamil: • Type: Calcium channel blocker. • Function: Inhibits calcium entry into cells, leading to vasodilation and reduced cardiac workload. • Use: Prescribed for hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias.

Answer 63

**Rp./ Cibadrex 10mg/12,5mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet per day**

Answer 64

**Rp./ Enalapril 10 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet in the morning and 1 in the evening** 1. Nifedipine: • Type: Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. • Function: Blocks calcium entry into cells, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. Also used for angina. • Use: Prescribed for hypertension and certain cardiovascular conditions. 2. Enalapril: • Type: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. • Function: Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, resulting in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. • Use: Commonly used for hypertension, heart failure, and certain kidney conditions. 3. Losartan: • Type: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). • Function: Blocks the effects of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. • Use: Prescribed for hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions.

Answer 65

**Rp./ Valsertan 80 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet a day** Lisonopril = ACE inhibitor Indapamide = Thiazide Diuretic Valsartan = ARB , AT1

Answer 66

**Rp./ Nimodipine 30 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet 3 times a day** 1. Naftidrofuryl: • Type: Peripheral vasodilator. • Function: Enhances blood flow to peripheral tissues, particularly in patients with peripheral vascular diseases. • Use: Often used to improve symptoms associated with peripheral arterial diseases. 2. Piracetam: • Type: Nootropic agent. • Function: Belongs to the racetam class and is thought to enhance cognitive function, particularly in conditions involving cognitive impairment. • Use: Sometimes used in the management of cognitive disorders and to improve memory and learning. 3. Nimodipine: • Type: Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. • Function: Blocks calcium entry into cells, leading to vasodilation. It has specific effects on cerebral blood vessels. • Use: Often prescribed for subarachnoid hemorrhage and certain neurological conditions.

Answer 67

**Rp./ Sumatriptan 50 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in film-tabulettis Signa 1 tablet per day** 1. Ergotamine: • Type: Ergot alkaloid. • Function: Constricts blood vessels and affects serotonin receptors, used for the treatment of migraines. • Use: Often prescribed for the acute treatment of migraine attacks. 2. Flunarizine: • Type: Calcium channel blocker. • Function: Blocks calcium channels, preventing constriction of blood vessels, used for migraine prophylaxis. • Use: Primarily used to prevent migraine attacks. 3. Sumatriptan: • Type: Serotonin receptor agonist (specifically 5-HT1B/1D). • Function: Constricts blood vessels and reduces inflammation in the trigeminal nerve, used for the acute treatment of migraines. • Use: Often prescribed for the relief of migraine attacks.

Answer 68

**Rp./ Diosmine 500 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in film-tabulettis Signa 1 tablet per day** 1. Diosmine: • Type: Flavonoid. • Function: Often used in combination with hesperidin to improve venous tone and reduce symptoms associated with chronic venous insufficiency. • Use: Commonly used to alleviate symptoms like leg swelling and pain associated with venous disorders. 2. Silymarin: • Type: Herbal remedy from milk thistle. • Function: Known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, used for liver health. • Use: Often used as a supplement to support liver function and in the management of liver conditions. 3. Papaverine: • Type: Smooth muscle relaxant. • Function: Dilates blood vessels and improves blood flow, used for conditions like vasospasm. • Use: Sometimes used in the treatment of vasospastic disorders and erectile dysfunction.

Answer 69

**Rp./ Atorvastatin 20 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet per day** 1. Ezetimibe: • Type: Cholesterol absorption inhibitor. • Function: Reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine. • Use: Often prescribed to lower cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). 2. Atorvastatin: • Type: Statin. • Function: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, leading to decreased cholesterol production. • Use: Commonly prescribed to lower LDL-C and triglyceride levels, and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). 3. Fenofibrate: • Type: Fibric acid derivative. • Function: Reduces triglyceride levels and increases HDL-C levels. • Use: Typically prescribed to address high triglyceride levels and low HDL-C levels.

Answer 70

**Rp./ Chlorthalidone 100 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet in the morning** 1. Hydrochlorothiazide: • Type: Thiazide diuretic. • Function: Increases urine production by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to reduced fluid volume. • Use: Commonly prescribed for hypertension and edema. 2. Furosemide: • Type: Loop diuretic. • Function: Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, promoting diuresis. • Use: Often used for conditions like heart failure, edema, and hypertension. 3. Chlorthalidone: longer lasting than hydrochlorothiazide • Type: Thiazide-like diuretic. • Function: Similar to hydrochlorothiazide, it increases urine production by inhibiting sodium reabsorption. • Use: Typically prescribed for hypertension and edema.

Answer 71

**Rp./ Furosemide 20mg/2ml Da tales doses No. 1 20 in ampullis Signa 1 ampoule daily given as i.v** Certainly: 1. **Mannitol:** - **Type:** Osmotic diuretic. - **Function:** Promotes diuresis by increasing osmotic pressure in the renal tubules, drawing water into the urine. - **Use:** Often used to reduce intracranial pressure, manage certain types of edema, and as a renal protective agent in certain situations. 2. **Spironolactone:** - **Type:** Potassium-sparing diuretic. - **Function:** Blocks aldosterone receptors, leading to sodium excretion and potassium retention. - **Use:** Prescribed for conditions like heart failure, hypertension, and edema. 3. **Furosemide:** - **Type:** Loop diuretic. - **Function:** Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, promoting diuresis. - **Use:** Often used for conditions like heart failure, edema, and hypertension.

Answer 72

**Rp./ Mannitol 10% 500 ml Da tales doses No. 1 in flacons Signa 1 flacon given i.v** 1. Furosemide: • Type: Loop diuretic. • Function: Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, promoting diuresis. • Use: Often used to manage fluid overload, hypertension, and conditions involving edema. 2. Magnesium Sulfate: • Type: Mineral supplement, also used as a medication. • Function: Provides magnesium, and in medical settings, it can be used for conditions like eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, and magnesium deficiency. • Use: Commonly used to prevent seizures in eclampsia, to treat certain arrhythmias, and as a magnesium supplement. 3. Mannitol: • Type: Osmotic diuretic. • Function: Increases osmotic pressure in the renal tubules, promoting diuresis. • Use: Often used to reduce intracranial pressure, manage certain types of edema, and as a renal protective agent in certain situations.

Answer 73

**Rp/ Ferrosanol 325mg Da scatulum: N1 in film tabulettis Signa : Take 1 tablet daily in the morning**

Answer 74

**Rp./ Cyanocobalamin 250 mikro-grams Da tales dose No. 5 in ampullis Signa 1 ampoule daily given as i.v** 1. Acidum Folicum: • Type: Folic acid (Vitamin B9). • Function: Essential for DNA synthesis and cell division; commonly used in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. • Use: Prescribed for folate deficiency, during pregnancy, and in certain medical conditions affecting folate metabolism. 2. Cyanocobalamin: • Type: Vitamin B12. • Function: Crucial for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and the formation of red blood cells. • Use: Prescribed for B12 deficiency, pernicious anemia, and conditions affecting B12 absorption. 3. Phytomenadion: • Type: Vitamin K1. • Function: Essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism. • Use: Prescribed for vitamin K deficiency, certain bleeding disorders, and to counteract anticoagulant effects.

Answer 75

**Rp./ Pambenzacid 1% 5ml Da tales doses No. 5 in ampullis Signa 1 ampoule daily given as i.m** Ateplase = Thrombopytic agent Phytomenadion = Vitamin K1 important for blood clothing

Answer 76

**Rp./ Solutiois Hydrogenii peroxidi dilute 3% 100 ml Da signa apply to affected area of skin when needed** 1. Calcium Gluconate: • Type: Mineral supplement. • Function: Provides calcium, essential for bone health, muscle function, and blood clotting. • Use: Prescribed for conditions like hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) and as a supplement in certain situations. 2. Hydrogen Peroxide: • Type: Antiseptic. • Function: Antimicrobial agent, often used topically to clean wounds. • Use: Applied to wounds for disinfection, but not typically ingested. Medical use is generally topical. 3. Nadroparin: • Type: Low molecular weight heparin. • Function: Anticoagulant, prevents blood clot formation. • Use: Prescribed for conditions requiring anticoagulation, such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and certain cardiovascular conditions.

Answer 77

**Rp./ Phythomenadione 10mg/ml Da tales doses No. 5 in ampullis Signa 1 ampoule daily given as i.m** 1. Heparin: • Type: Anticoagulant. • Function: Inhibits blood clotting by enhancing the activity of antithrombin, an inhibitor of clotting factors. • Use: Prescribed for preventing and treating blood clots in conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and during certain medical procedures. 2. Phytomenadione: • Type: Vitamin K1. • Function: Essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism. • Use: Prescribed for vitamin K deficiency, certain bleeding disorders, and to counteract anticoagulant effects. 3. Ticlopidine: • Type: Antiplatelet agent. • Function: Inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of blood clot formation. • Use: Historically used to prevent stroke and other cardiovascular events, but its use has decreased due to side effects and the availability of safer alternatives.

Answer 78

**Rp./ Acenocoumarol 4 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet daily**

Answer 79

**Rp./ Nadroparin 0,3 ml Da tales doses 5 in flacons Signa 1 flacon daily given subcutaneously** 1. Warfarin: • Type: Vitamin K antagonist (indirect anticoagulant). • Function: Inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. • Use: Long-term anticoagulation for conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation. 2. Nadroparin: • Type: Low molecular weight heparin (direct anticoagulant). • Function: Inhibits blood clotting by enhancing the activity of antithrombin, but it has a more specific effect on factor Xa. • Use: Often used for the prevention and treatment of blood clots, especially in hospitalized patients. 3. Alteplase: • Type: Thrombolytic agent (direct anticoagulant). • Function: Breaks down blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin. • Use: Administered in emergencies like acute ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism.

Answer 80

**Rp./ Aminophylline 2,4% 10 ml Da tales doses No. 5 in ampullis Signa. 1 ampoules as i.v. When necessary** Aminophylline = Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Salbutomal = Beta 2 agonist Ketotifen = antihistamine and mast cell stabiliser

Answer 81

**Rp./ Aerosoli Budesonidi 0,4% 5ml Da signa. Inhalated when necessary** 1. Formoterol: • Type: Long-acting beta2-agonist. • Function: Bronchodilator that relaxes the smooth muscles in the airways. • Use: Often prescribed for long-term control of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 2. Budesonide: • Type: Inhaled corticosteroid. • Function: Anti-inflammatory agent that reduces inflammation in the airways. • Use: Commonly used as a maintenance treatment for asthma and as an anti-inflammatory component in the management of other respiratory conditions. 3. Montelukast: • Type: Leukotriene receptor antagonist. • Function: Blocks the action of leukotrienes, which contribute to inflammation and bronchoconstriction. • Use: Often prescribed for asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Answer 82

**Rp./ Bromhexine 8 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 8 hours** 1. Bromhexine: • Type: Mucolytic. • Function: Helps thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to clear. • Use: Commonly used in respiratory conditions associated with excessive and thick mucus, such as bronchitis. 3. Glaucine: • Type: Alkaloid. • Function: May have bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects. • Use: Investigated for potential use in respiratory conditions, but research is ongoing, and it’s not widely used in clinical practice.

Answer 83

**Rp./ Prenoxidiazine 100 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa 1 tablet every 8 hours** 1. Butamirate: • Type: Antitussive (Cough suppressant). • Function: Suppresses cough reflex by acting on the cough center in the brain. • Use: Used to relieve non-productive cough. 2. Codeine: • Type: Opioid analgesic and antitussive. • Function: Suppresses cough reflex and can act as a pain reliever. • Use: Used for cough suppression, typically when other treatments are ineffective, and for pain relief.

Answer 84

**Rp./ Famotidine 20 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in film-tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet in the morning and 1 in the evening** 1. Pantoprazole: • Type: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI). • Function: Reduces gastric acid production by inhibiting the proton pump in the stomach lining. • Use: Prescribed for conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 2. Famotidine: • Type: Histamine H2-receptor antagonist. • Function: Blocks histamine receptors, reducing gastric acid secretion. • Use: Commonly used for treating conditions such as heartburn, acid indigestion, and ulcers. 3. Ranitidine: • Type: Histamine H2-receptor antagonist. • Function: Similar to famotidine, it blocks histamine receptors to decrease stomach acid production. • Use: Historically used for conditions like peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Note that ranitidine has been largely withdrawn due to concerns about potential impurities.

Answer 85

**Rp./ Suspensionis Almageli 125 ml Da signa 1 tablespoon before food**

Answer 86

**Rp./ Omeprazole 20mg Da scatulam No. 1 in capsullis Signa. 1 capsule per day** 1. Pirenzepine: • Type: Muscarinic receptor antagonist. • Function: Reduces gastric acid secretion by blocking muscarinic receptors in the stomach lining. • Use: Historically used for peptic ulcer disease but not as commonly prescribed as other options. 2. Famotidine: • Type: Histamine H2-receptor antagonist. • Function: Blocks histamine receptors, leading to reduced gastric acid secretion. • Use: Effective in managing conditions associated with excessive stomach acid, including ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 3. Omeprazole: • Type: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI). • Function: Reduces gastric acid production by inhibiting the proton pump in the stomach lining. • Use: Prescribed for conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Answer 87

**Rp./ Metoclopramide 10mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet 3 times a day** 1. Dimenhydrinate: • Function: Antiemetic (reduces nausea and vomiting). • Type: Antihistamine with antiemetic properties. 2. Metoclopramide: • Function: Antiemetic with prokinetic effects. • Type: Dopamine receptor antagonist. 3. Ondansetron: • Function: Antiemetic. • Type: Selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.

Answer 88

**Rp./ Bisacodyl 5 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in film-tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet in the evening when necessary** 1. Oleum Ricini (Castor Oil): • Type: Stimulant laxative. • Function: Stimulates bowel movements by irritating the intestines. • Use: Used for short-term relief of constipation. 2. Magnesium Sulfate: • Type: Osmotic laxative. • Function: Draws water into the intestines, softening the stool and promoting bowel movements. • Use: Used for bowel preparation before certain medical procedures and, in some cases, for constipation. 3. Bisacodyl: • Type: Stimulant laxative. • Function: Stimulates the intestines to increase bowel movements. • Use: Used for short-term relief of constipation and bowel preparation for medical procedures.

Answer 89

**Rp./ Sirupi Lactulosi 100 ml Da signa. 20 ml daily when needed, max. for 4 days** 1. Oleum Ricini (Castor Oil): • Type: Stimulant laxative. • Function: Stimulates bowel movements by irritating the intestines. • Use: Used for short-term relief of constipation. 2. Lactulose: • Type: Osmotic laxative. • Function: Draws water into the colon, softening the stool and promoting bowel movements. • Use: Used for chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. 3. Loperamide: • Type: Antidiarrheal. • Function: Slows down bowel movements and reduces diarrhea. • Use: Used to treat acute and chronic diarrhea.

Answer 90

**Rp./ Sylimarin 100 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in capsulis Signa. 1 tablet 1-2 times daily** 1. Isoniazid: • Type: Antitubercular agent. • Function: Used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) by inhibiting the growth of mycobacteria. • Use: Part of the standard treatment regimen for TB. 2. Silymarin: • Type: Herbal supplement derived from milk thistle. • Function: Often used as a hepatoprotective agent, believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. • Use: Commonly used to support liver health and potentially manage certain liver conditions. 3. Ademetionine (S-Adenosylmethionine): • Type: Endogenous substance and nutritional supplement. • Function: Involved in various biochemical processes, including the production of neurotransmitters and the protection of liver cells. • Use: Sometimes used as a supplement for conditions associated with low levels of ademetionine.

Answer 91

**Rp./ Hymecromone 400 mg Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 atblet 3 times daily** 1. Drotaverine: • Type: Smooth muscle relaxant. • Function: Relaxes smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels. • Use: Used to relieve symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other conditions involving smooth muscle spasm. 2. Hymecromone: • Type: Choleretic and spasmolytic agent. • Function: Acts as a choleretic (increases bile production) and has spasmolytic effects on the biliary tract. • Use: Used in the management of gallstones and biliary spasm. 3. Papaverine: • Type: Vasodilator and smooth muscle relaxant. • Function: Dilates blood vessels and relaxes smooth muscles. • Use: Used in the treatment of vasospasm, erectile dysfunction, and occasionally for certain gastrointestinal conditions.

Answer 92

**Rp./ Mezym forte 10.000 UI Da scatulam No. 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet 3 times daily**

Answer 93

**Rp./ Solutionis Cholecalciferoli 10 ml Da signa. 1 drop in the mouth daily** 1. Calcitriol (Vitamin D₃): • Type: Active form of vitamin D. • Function: Regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption in the intestines and promotes bone health. • Use: Often used in the treatment of vitamin D deficiency. 2. Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D₃): • Type: A form of vitamin D. • Function: Precursor to calcitriol; converted to its active form in the body. • Use: Commonly used as a dietary supplement to address vitamin D deficiencies. 3. Tocopherol (Vitamin E): • Type: Vitamin E. • Function: Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. • Use: Used as a dietary supplement and for various health benefits related to antioxidant properties.

Answer 94

**Rp./ Allopurinol 100mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet daily** 1. Allopurinol: • Type: Xanthine oxidase inhibitor. • Function: Reduces uric acid production, used to prevent gout attacks and manage conditions associated with high uric acid levels. • Use: Gout treatment and prevention, and sometimes used in certain kidney conditions. 2. Colchicine: • Type: Anti-gout agent. • Function: Reduces inflammation and pain caused by uric acid crystals. • Use: Treatment of acute gout attacks and prevention of recurrent attacks. 3. Hydrochlorothiazide: • Type: Thiazide diuretic. • Function: Increases urine production, leading to decreased fluid volume and lowered blood pressure. • Use: Hypertension treatment and management of fluid retention associated with various conditions.

Answer 95

**Rp./ Levothyroxine 25µg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every morning, same time, before breakfast** 1. Propylthiouracil (PTU): • Type: Antithyroid agent. • Function: Inhibits the production of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). • Use: Treatment of hyperthyroidism, especially in certain cases like during pregnancy. 2. Levothyroxine: • Type: Thyroid hormone replacement. • Function: Provides synthetic thyroxine (T4), used to supplement low thyroid hormone levels. • Use: Hypothyroidism treatment, replacement therapy after thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment. 3. Thiamazole (Methimazole): • Type: Antithyroid agent. • Function: Inhibits the production of thyroid hormones. • Use: Treatment of hyperthyroidism, especially in cases of Graves’ disease.

Answer 96

**Rp./ Thiamazole 5mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet 3 times daily** 1. Betamethasone: • Type: Corticosteroid. • Function: Has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties. • Use: Used for various inflammatory conditions and allergic reactions. 2. Propylthiouracil (PTU): • Type: Antithyroid agent. • Function: Inhibits the production of thyroid hormones. • Use: Treatment of hyperthyroidism, particularly during pregnancy. 3. Thiamazole (Methimazole): • Type: Antithyroid agent. • Function: Inhibits the production of thyroid hormones. • Use: Treatment of hyperthyroidism, such as in Graves’ disease.

Answer 97

**Rp./ Insulin Actrapid 40UI/ml Da tales doses Nº 5 in flacons Signa. 1 flacon I.V. daily**

Answer 98

**Rp./ Metformin 850mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in film tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet in the morning, 1 in the evening** 1. Acarbose: • Type: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. • Function: Slows down the digestion of carbohydrates, reducing post-meal spikes in blood sugar. • Use: Used to treat type 2 diabetes. 2. Glimepiride: • Type: Sulfonylurea. • Function: Stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, helping lower blood sugar levels. • Use: Used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. 3. Metformin: • Type: Biguanide. • Function: Improves insulin sensitivity, reduces glucose production in the liver, and enhances glucose uptake in tissues. • Use: Commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes.

Answer 99

**Rp./ Glimepiride 1mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet in the morning, 1 in the evening** 1. Sitagliptin: • Type: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor. • Function: Increases insulin release and reduces glucagon levels after meals, helping control blood sugar. • Use: Typically prescribed for type 2 diabetes. 2. Glimepiride: • Type: Sulfonylurea. • Function: Stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, helping lower blood sugar levels. • Use: Used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. 3. Glucagon: • Type: Hormone. • Function: Raises blood sugar levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. • Use: Administered in emergency situations (e.g., severe hypoglycemia) to increase blood sugar.

Answer 100

**Rp./ Benthamethasone 0.5mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in depot-tabulettis (or Retard-tabulettis) Signa. 1 tablet in the morning per day**

Answer 101

**Rp./ Methylprednisolone 40mg Da tales doses Nº 5 in ampullis Signa. 1 ampoule daily given as I.V** Methylprednisolon has gretaer potency than normal prednisolon also greater bioavailability and rapid onset of action

Answer 102

**Rp./ Ungventi Flucinor N 15mg Da signa. Apply topically to affected area**

Answer 103

**Rp./ Yasmin – Da scatluam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every day from first day of cycle, 21 tablets in total** 1. Estracomb: • Type: Hormonal medication. • Function: Typically used as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women experiencing symptoms of menopause. 2. Yasmin: • Type: Oral contraceptive. • Function: A combination birth control pill containing estrogen and progestin, used to prevent pregnancy. 3. Sildenafil: • Type: Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. • Function: Used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men by enhancing blood flow to the penis.

Answer 104

**Rp./ Tamsulosin 0.4mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in capsulis Signa. 1 capsule per day** 1. Tamsulosin: • Type: Alpha-1 blocker. • Function: Used to relax muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow. Commonly prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 2. Prazosin: usualy used to treat high bp caused by BPH • Type: Alpha-1 blocker. • Function: Dilates blood vessels, primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 3. Sildenafil: • Type: Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. • Function: Used to treat erectile dysfunction by enhancing blood flow to the penis.

Answer 105

**Rp./ Oxytocin 5UI/ml Da tales doses Nº 1 in ampullis Signa. 1 ampoule daily given as IV, when needed** 1. Oxytocin: • Type: Hormone. • Function: Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and helps with milk ejection during breastfeeding. 2. Salbutamol: • Type: Beta-2 adrenergic agonist. • Function: Dilates bronchial airways, commonly used for the treatment of asthma and other respiratory conditions. 3. Methylergometrine: • Type: Ergot alkaloid. • Function: Used to prevent or control excessive bleeding following childbirth by promoting uterine contractions.

Answer 106

**Rp./ Methylergometrine 0.125mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 2 tablets per day** 1. Estradiol: • Type: Estrogen hormone. • Function: Used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to address estrogen deficiency and manage menopausal symptoms. 2. Methylergometrine: • Type: Ergot alkaloid. • Function: Used to prevent or control excessive bleeding following childbirth by promoting uterine contractions. 3. Hexoprenaline: • Type: Beta-2 adrenergic agonist. • Function: Used as a tocolytic agent to inhibit uterine contractions, particularly in preterm labor.

Answer 107

**Rp./ Phenoxymethylpenicilin 1.000.000 UI Da scatulam Nº 1 in film tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 6-8 hours** Phenoxymethylpenicillin is acid stable 1. Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G): • Type: Antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those causing infections like strep throat and syphilis. 2. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V): • Type: Antibiotic. • Function: Used to treat various bacterial infections, particularly those involving the respiratory tract. 3. Azlocillin: • Type: Antibiotic (semisynthetic penicillin derivative). • Function: Broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against various bacterial infections, including some resistant strains.

Answer 108

**Rp./ Benzylpenicilin 1.000.000 UI Da tales doses Nº 10 in flacons Signa. 2 flacons every 6 hours given as I.V** 1. Aciclovir: • Type: Antiviral. • Function: Used to treat viral infections, especially herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. 2. Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G): • Type: Antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those causing infections like strep throat and syphilis. 3. Benzathine Benzylpenicillin (Bicillin L-A): • Type: Long-acting penicillin. • Function: Used for the treatment of certain bacterial infections, particularly in a long-acting form.

Answer 109

**Rp./ Azlocillin 2g Da tales doses Nº 5 in flacons Signa. 1 flacon every 12 hours given as I.V** 1. Azlocillin: • Type: Antibiotic (semisynthetic penicillin derivative). • Function: Broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against various bacterial infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. • Dosage Form: Available in vials for intravenous administration. 2. Gentamicin: • Type: Aminoglycoside antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a wide range of bacteria, often used in the treatment of serious infections. • Dosage Form: Available in vials for intravenous or intramuscular administration. 3. Ampicillin: • Type: Antibiotic (penicillin derivative). • Function: Used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those involving the respiratory and urinary tracts. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including vials for intravenous administration.

Answer 110

**Rp./ Clindamycin 600mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 8 hours** 1. Clindamycin: • Type: Lincosamide antibiotic. • Function: Effective against anaerobic bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including capsules and intravenous formulations. 2. Amikacin: • Type: Aminoglycoside antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a wide range of bacteria, often used in severe bacterial infections. • Dosage Form: Usually administered intravenously or intramuscularly. 3. Metronidazole: • Type: Nitroimidazole antibiotic. • Function: Active against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including oral and intravenous formulations.

Answer 111

**Rp./ Augumentin 1000mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 12 hours**

Answer 112

**Rp./ Cephalexin 1000mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in capsulis Signa. 1 capsule every 12 hours** 1. Cephalexin: • Type: First-generation cephalosporin. • Function: Effective against a range of bacteria, often used for skin and soft tissue infections. • Dosage Form: Available in capsules and oral suspension. 2. Cefuroxime: • Type: Second-generation cephalosporin. • Function: Broader spectrum than first-generation cephalosporins, used for respiratory and urinary tract infections. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including tablets and intravenous formulations. 3. Cefoperazone: • Type: Third-generation cephalosporin. • Function: Extended spectrum, effective against a wider range of bacteria, used for serious infections. • Dosage Form: Usually administered intravenously.

Answer 113

**Rp./ Ceftroxime 500mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in capsulis Signa. 1 capsule every 8 hours** 1. Ceftroxime: • Type: Second-generation cephalosporin. • Function: Broader spectrum than first-generation cephalosporins, used for respiratory and urinary tract infections. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including tablets and intravenous formulations. 2. Cefoperazone: • Type: Third-generation cephalosporin. • Function: Extended spectrum, effective against a wider range of bacteria, used for serious infections. • Dosage Form: Usually administered intravenously. 3. Cefepime: • Type: Fourth-generation cephalosporin. • Function: Broad-spectrum antibiotic with enhanced activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. • Dosage Form: Often administered intravenously.

Answer 114

**Rp./ Ceftriaxone 1g Da tales doses Nº 5 in flacons Signa. 1 flacon every 12 hours given as I.V** 1. Cefepime: • Type: Fourth-generation cephalosporin. • Function: Broad-spectrum antibiotic with enhanced activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. • Dosage Form: Often administered intravenously. 2. Imipenem: • Type: Carbapenem antibiotic. • Function: Broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against a wide range of bacteria, including some resistant strains. • Dosage Form: Usually administered intravenously. 3. Ceftriaxone: • Type: Third-generation cephalosporin. • Function: Extended spectrum, used for various bacterial infections, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including intramuscular and intravenous formulations.

Answer 115

**Rp./ Gentamycin 80mg/2ml Da tales doses Nº 5 in ampullis Signa. 1 ampoule given every 12 hours as I.M** 1. Spiramycin: • Type: Macrolide antibiotic. • Function: Effective against certain Gram-positive bacteria, often used in respiratory and soft tissue infections. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including tablets. 2. Gentamicin: • Type: Aminoglycoside antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, often used in severe bacterial infections. • Dosage Form: Usually administered intravenously or intramuscularly. 3. Ciprofloxacin: • Type: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic. • Function: Broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, commonly used for urinary tract and respiratory infections. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including tablets and intravenous formulations.

Answer 116

**Rp./ Amoxicillin 500mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 6 hours** 1. Amoxicillin: • Type: Penicillin-type antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a variety of bacteria, commonly used for respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and more. • Safety in Pregnancy: Generally considered safe during pregnancy; it is a preferred choice for many infections in pregnant women. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including capsules and oral suspension. 2. Doxycycline: • Type: Tetracycline antibiotic. • Function: Broad-spectrum antibiotic used for various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections. • Safety in Pregnancy: Generally not recommended during pregnancy due to potential effects on fetal bone development. • Dosage Form: Typically available in capsule and tablet forms. 3. Amikacin: • Type: Aminoglycoside antibiotic. • Function: Reserved for serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. • Safety in Pregnancy: May not be the first choice during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. • Dosage Form: Usually administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

Answer 117

**Rp./ Clarithromycine 500mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in film-tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 12 hours** 1. Phenoxymethylpenicillin: • Type: Penicillin antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a variety of bacteria, often used for mild to moderate respiratory tract infections. • Dosage Form: Usually available in oral forms such as tablets or oral suspension. 2. Cephalexin: • Type: First-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a range of bacteria, commonly used for skin and soft tissue infections, as well as respiratory tract infections. • Dosage Form: Typically available in capsule or tablet forms. 3. Clarithromycin: • Type: Macrolide antibiotic. • Function: Effective against a variety of bacteria, including those causing respiratory tract infections. • Dosage Form: Available in various forms, including tablets and oral suspension.

Answer 118

**Rp./ Azithromycin 500mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in film-tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet daily** 1. Midecamycine: • Type: Macrolide antibiotic. • Half-life: Approximately 2-3 hours (shorter half-life). 2. Azithromycin: • Type: Macrolide antibiotic. • Half-life: Approximately 68 hours (longer half-life). • Features: • Long plasma half-life allows for once-daily dosing. • High tissue concentration contributes to effective treatment. 3. Azlocillin: • Type: Penicillin-type antibiotic. • Half-life: Varies based on administration and patient factors but generally shorter than Azithromycin.

Answer 119

**Rp./ Nystatin 500.000 UI Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet 3-4 times a day** 1. Nystatin: • Type: Polyene antifungal. • Function: Treats fungal infections, especially Candida. 2. Griseofulvin: • Type: Antifungal. • Function: Treats fungal infections of skin, hair, and nails. 3. Clotrimazole: • Type: Azole antifungal. • Function: Treats fungal skin infections like athlete’s foot, jock itch, and ringworm.

Answer 120

**Rp./ Co-trimoxazole 480mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 12 hours** 1. Co-amoxiclav: • Type: Antibiotic combination (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid). • Function: Treats bacterial infections. 2. Co-trimoxazole: • Type: Antibiotic combination (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim). • Function: Treats various bacterial infections, including respiratory and urinary tract infections. 3. Imipenem: • Type: Carbapenem antibiotic. • Function: Broad-spectrum antibiotic used for severe bacterial infections.

Answer 121

**Rp./ Ciprofloxacin 500mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in film-tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 12 hours**

Answer 122

**Rp./ Isoniazid 100mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 3 tablets at once in the morning** Rifampicin= Rifamycin group

Answer 123

**Rp./ Rifampicin 300mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in capsulis Signa. 2 capsules at once in the morning** 1. Amikacin: • While effective against mycobacteria, amikacin is typically considered a second-line drug due to potential side effects, and it is often reserved for cases where other first-line drugs are not effective. 2. Ethambutol: • Ethambutol is part of the first-line drugs for tuberculosis but may not be considered superior to streptomycin in all cases. Its primary role is to prevent the development of resistance when used in combination with other drugs. Rifampicin, on the other hand, is often considered superior to streptomycin due to its broad-spectrum activity against mycobacteria and its role as a cornerstone in tuberculosis treatment regimens.

Answer 124

**Rp./ Tinidazole 500mg Da tales doses Nº 4 in tabulettis Signa. Take 4 tablets at once** 1. Fluconazole: • Type: Antifungal (azole). • Function: Treats fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida. 2. Clotrimazole: • Type: Antifungal (azole). • Function: Topical or oral antifungal used to treat various fungal infections, including skin and vaginal infections. 3. Tinidazole: • Type: Antibiotic/antiprotozoal. • Function: Treats certain bacterial and protozoal infections, often used for conditions like trichomoniasis or certain gastrointestinal infections.

Answer 125

**Rp./ Metronidazole 0.5% 100ml Da tales doses Nº 5 in flacons Signa. 1 flacon daily given as I.V** Metronidazole: • Type: Antibiotic/antiprotozoal. • Function: Treats various bacterial and protozoal infections, commonly used for conditions like bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and certain gastrointestinal infections. • Note: Avoid alcohol consumption while taking metronidazole, as it may cause a severe reaction. Always use as prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Answer 126

**Rp./ Chloroquine 250mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 2 tablets at once per week, including 2 weeks before travel, during, and 4 weeks after** 1. Chloroquine: • Type: Antimalarial. • Function: Used to prevent and treat malaria. It works by interfering with the growth of parasites in red blood cells. 2. Zidovudine (AZT): • Type: Antiretroviral (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor - NRTI). • Function: Used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It inhibits the reverse transcriptase enzyme, crucial for the replication of the virus. 3. Quinine: • Type: Antimalarial. • Function: Historically used to treat malaria. It’s derived from the bark of the cinchona tree and acts against the malaria parasite.

Answer 127

**Rp./ Aciclovir 200mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet every 4-6 weeks** 1. Aciclovir (Acyclovir): • Type: Antiviral. • Function: Used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses, including herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. 2. Indinavir: • Type: Antiretroviral (Protease Inhibitor). • Function: Used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It inhibits the protease enzyme, crucial for the replication of the virus. 3. Rimantadine: • Type: Antiviral. • Function: Primarily used to prevent or treat influenza A virus infections.

Answer 128

**Rp./ Zodivudine 100mg Rp./ Oseltamivir 75mg Da scatulam Nº 1 in capsulis Da scatulam Nº in capsulis Signa. 1 capsule daily Signa. 1 capsule daily** 1. Zidovudine (AZT): • Type: Antiretroviral (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor - NRTI). • Function: Used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It inhibits the reverse transcriptase enzyme, crucial for the replication of the virus. 2. Rimantadine: • Type: Antiviral. • Function: Primarily used to prevent or treat influenza A virus infections. 3. Oseltamivir: • Type: Antiviral (Neuraminidase Inhibitor). • Function: Used to treat and prevent influenza A and B viruses. It works by inhibiting the neuraminidase enzyme, crucial for the release of new viral particles.

Answer 129

**Rp./ Crème Argenti sulfadiazine 50g Da signa. Apply to infected wound**

Answer 130

**Rp./ Albendazole 200mg Da scatulam Nº in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet daily** Albendazole = Benzimidazole Praziquantel = Isoquinoline Piperazine = Round organic compound

Answer 131

**Rp./ Mebendazole 250mg Da tales doses Nº 1 in tabulettis Signa. 1 tablet at once**

Answer 132

**Rp./ Protamine 1% 5ml Da tales doses Nº 5 in ampullis Signa. 1 ampoule daily given as I.V** Protamine = Reverse heparin effects Penicillamine = chelation agent when copper is higher , wilson disease and rheumatoid arthritis Deferoxamine = treats iron overload

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