Practical exam

Question 1

Instruments used for picking up sterile instruments

Answer 1

Cheatles forceps

Question 2

Haemostatic forceps

Answer 2

-Hold blood vessels
-Hold ends of ligatures
-Pick up necrotic tissue
-Pick up fragments

Question 3

Instruments used to remove pathologic tissue

Answer 3

-Currete (Lucas)
-Remove particles or debris from bony tissue or soft tissue tract

Question 4

Instruments used to cut or remove bone

Answer 4

Roungeurs Forcep(work on bony margins)
-Bone files
-Osteotome(splits rather than cuts bone)
-Chisel(cuts bone)
-Mallet

Question 5

Instruments used to suture the tissue

Answer 5

-Needle holder
-Suture cutting scissors
-Tissue holding forceps(hold tissues during process of dissection or suturing)

Question 6

<p>Instruments used for extraction of teeth and root remnants</p>

Answer 6

<p>-Elevator(Straight, triangular, pick types)</p>

<p>-Handle</p>

<p>-Shank</p>

<p>-Blade</p>

Question 7

<p>Indications for elevator use</p>

Answer 7

<p>-Luxate</p>

<p>-Multi-rooted teeth</p>

<p>-Teeth that cant be engaged by forceps</p>

<p>-Fractured debris</p>

Question 8

Rules when using elevator

Answer 8

-Adjacent teeth not used as fulcrum unless its to be extracted
-Protect soft tissues with finger guards
-Elevator supported with index finger
-Work on medial side
-Concave/flat surface of elevator faces tooth

Question 9

<p>Most commonly used Scalpel blade</p>

Answer 9

<p>-No. 15</p>

<p>-Used for flaps and incisions on edentulous alveolar ridges</p>

Question 10

<p>Use of Scalpel blade 12</p>

Answer 10

<p>-Incisions in gingival sulcus and incisions posterior to the teeth→Maxillary tuberosity area</p>

Question 11

<p>Use of Scalpel blade 11</p>

Answer 11

<p>-Small incisions→ incising abscesses</p>

Question 12

Use of surgical forceps

Answer 12

-Firmly grasping tissues while needle passed during suturing

Question 13

<p>Use of Anatomical forceps</p>

Answer 13

<p>-Aid in suturing of wound and grasping small instruments</p>

Question 14

<p>Instrument used to remove bone and sharp bone spicules</p>

Answer 14

<p>Rongeurs Forceps</p>

Question 15

<p>Instrument used to smooth bone</p>

Answer 15

<p>Bone file</p>

Question 16

<p>use of chisels(Bibeveled)</p>

Answer 16

<p>Sectioning roots of multirooted teeth</p>

Question 17

<p>Needle holders use</p>

Answer 17

<p>Suturing wound-intraoral placement</p>

Question 18

<p>Differences between Needle holder and Haemostat</p>

Answer 18

<p>-Beaks of Haemostat thinner and longer</p>

<p>-Internal surface of needle holder beaks grooved and crosshatched(Allows firm grip)</p>

<p>-Needle holder can release needle with simple pressure→ gap in locking mechanism</p>

Question 19

<p>Uses of Goldman-fox, Lagrange and Metzenbaum scissors</p>

Answer 19

<p>Soft tissue</p>

Question 20

<p>Use of retractors</p>

Answer 20

<p>-Retract cheeks and mucoperiosteal flap</p>

Question 21

<p>Use of tongue retractors</p>

Answer 21

<p>Retract tongue medially away from surgical field</p>

Question 22

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Question 23

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Question 24

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Question 25

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Question 26

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Question 27

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Question 28

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Question 29

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Question 30

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Question 31

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Question 32

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Question 33

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Question 34

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Question 35

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Question 36

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Question 37

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Question 38

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Question 39

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Question 40

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Question 41

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Question 42

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Question 43

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Question 44

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Question 45

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Question 46

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Question 47

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Question 48

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Question 49

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Question 50

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Question 51

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Question 52

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Question 53

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Question 54

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Question 55

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Question 56

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Question 57

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Question 58

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Question 59

Patient position for extraction of Maxillary teeth

Answer 59

-Patient mouth at same height as dentist shoulder -120 ° angle between dental chair and floor -Occlusal surface of maxillary teeth at 40 ° when open compared to horizontal

Question 60

Patient Chair position for extraction of mandibular teeth

Answer 60

-110 ° angle between chair and floor -Occlusal surface of mandibular teeth parallel to floor when mouth open -Patient mouth at level of dentist elbow

Question 61

Surgeon position for extraction with forceps for maxillary teeth

Answer 61

-Infront or to the side of the patient

Question 62

Surgeon position for extraction with forceps for mandibular teeth

Answer 62

-Right posterior and anterior teeth→ behind patient -Left mandibular teeth→ in front of patient

Question 63

Desmotome use

Answer 63

-Pen grip with dominant hand 

-Positioned at bottom of gingival sulcus to sever PDL

-Continuous motion from mesial to distal→ buccally then lingually/palatal

-Non dominant hand→ index finger and thumb positioned on buccal and palatal

Question 64

Elevator use

Answer 64

Push or reflect gingiva→ allows extraction forceps to grasp tooth beneath cervical line 

Question 65

Extraction technique with forceps 

Answer 65

-Beaks of forceps at cervical line of tooth→ parallel to long axis of tooth -Gentle initial buccal then lingual/ palatal movements -Gradual increase in pressure first at buccal(bone thinner and more elastic) -Rotational force if roots single and conical -Slight traction to facilitate extraction but not used at final stage -Final movement → Maxilla=buccal and curved outwards and upwards → Mandible=Buccal direction and curved outwards and downwards 

Question 66

Extraction technique of elevator

Answer 66

-Held in dominant hand w/ index finger along blade -Used buccally(not lingual/palatal) -Concave surface contacts mesial or distal -Alveolar bone used as fulcrum -In maxillary posterior teeth- perpendicular to long axis and in rest→ perpendicular, parallel or at angle

Question 67

Protective measure during elevator use

Answer 67

Cotton wool or gauze between finger and palatal to avoid injury is elevator slips

Question 68

Post extraction care of socket

Answer 68

-Periapical curette used at bottom of socket(removes granulation tissue preventing cyst) -If sharp and bony edges-ronguers forceps or bone file to smooth alveolar margin -Haemostasis aided by pressure on socket w/ gauze for 30-45 min

Question 69

Post operative instructions

Answer 69

-Rest

-Analgesia

-Edema

-Bleeding

-Antibiotics

-Diet

-Oral hygiene

Question 70

Answer 70

Question 71

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Question 72

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Question 73

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Question 74

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Question 75

Answer 75