Pre-speech Vocalizations, Theories of Developing Speech Sounds (Ch. 4) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Pre-speech Vocalizations, Theories of Developing Speech Sounds (Ch. 4) Deck (45)
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1
Q

Consonant-vowel (CV or VC) syllables that resemble speech syllables in that they are characterized by rapid formant transitions and full vowels

A

Canonical babble

2
Q

Popping sound created as negative air pressure is equalized

A

Click

3
Q

Sound produced with closure along the articulatory tract, resulting in a sound that resembles a consonant

A

Closant

4
Q

Reflexive expression of distress with a characteristic respiratory pattern; more intense and loud than fuss or whimper

A

Cry

5
Q

Direction of airflow from the lungs outward, during exhalation

A

Egressive

6
Q

A vowel with a perceptual quality of a postured articulatory configuration, with deliberate positioning of the mouth and tongue in a speech-like way, yielding a vowel quality distinct from that corresponding to a an at rest position of the tract.

A

Full Vowel

7
Q

Reflexive expression of distress, but less intense and loud than crying

A

Fuss

8
Q

Phonation interrupted by at least one glottal stop, producing the perception of distinct syllables.

A

Glottal stop sequence

9
Q

Sounds formed by primitive tongue closure somewhere in the back of the oral cavity, usually occurring during phonation and often accompanied by either quasivowels or full vowels.

A

Goo

10
Q

T/F: Gooing is a special case of canonical babbling.

A

False. Gooing is a special case of particularly primitive marginal babbling.

11
Q

Babbled productions that resemble conversational speech in terms of intonational and durational aspects but do not include meaningful words.

A

Gibberish

12
Q

Another word for gibberish

A

jargon

13
Q

Vocalization with either low fundamental frequency (often with glottal fry) or with fundamental frequency in the speaker’s habitual range accompanied by substantial vocal harshness.

A

Growl

14
Q

Direction of airflow inward into the lungs, during inhalation

A

Ingressive

15
Q

A reflexive expression of positivity, which, like cry, has a characteristic respiratory pattern but with distinct contours

A

Laugh (-:

16
Q

Resembles canonical babble except that it does not include rapid formant transitions from consonant-like element to full vowel.

A

Marginal babble

17
Q

Any of the pre-speech vocalizations

A

Protophone

18
Q

T/F: Cries and laughs are protophones.

A

False. Cries and laughs are fixed signals and not considered protophones.

19
Q

Vowel sound produced with normal phonation and a neutral (unpostured) vocal tract configuration.

A

Quasivowel

20
Q

Quasivowels are typically _______________ and _________________.

A

quiet; short

21
Q

Trills or vibrants formed most often with the lips or the tongue and lips, and occasionally by the tongue body against the toothless alveolar ridge

A

Raspberry

22
Q

Type of canonical babbling where syllables are perceived to be repeated although they are not required to be phonetically identical.

A

Reduplicated babble

23
Q

Vocalization produced at a high pitch level, above the habitual range of the vocalizer

A

Squeal

24
Q

Type of canonical babbling where successive syllables ore perceived to differ substantially from each other.

A

Variegated babble

25
Q

[mami]

What type of babble?

A

Variegated babble

26
Q

[dada}

What type of babble?

A

Reduplicated babble

27
Q

Vowel-like sound produced by infants (includes quasivowels and full vowels)

A

Vocant

28
Q

Unintentional sounds resulting from non-speech behaviors

A

Vegetative Sounds

29
Q

Examples of vegetative sounds (4)

A

Sneeze
Cough
Hiccup
Grunt

30
Q

Speech or pre-speech utterance that is produced without full voicing

A

Whisper

31
Q

Vocalizations produced at high amplitude, above the habitual amplitude range of the vocalizer

A

Yell

32
Q

The ______________ ___________________ held that early vocalizations were unrelated to speech.

A

Discontinuity Theory

33
Q

What characteristics of prespeech vocalizations show us that they are related to speech?

A

Protophones are contrastive

Babbling is volitional

34
Q

In general, how are protophones different from vegetative sounds and fixed signals?

A

Protophones are volitional, while vegetative/fixed signals are produced reflexively.

35
Q

What differentiates canonical babbling from marginal babbling?

A

The transitions between the consonant-like and vowel-like portions of the canonical babble are fast and immediate. In marginal babbling, the transition is gradual.

36
Q

T/F: a late onset of canonical babbling (after ten months of age) is grounds for clinical concern.

A

True. These infants are at risk for late onset of talking.

37
Q

Crying and vegetative sounds are present at what age?

A

Right after birth

38
Q

Laughter shows an onset around what age?

A

4 months

39
Q

The earliest protophones (quasivowels and occasional glottal stop sequences) occur at what age?

A

Right after birth

40
Q

Gooing occurs at what age?

A

4 months

41
Q

Full vowels, raspberries, squeals, growls, yells and whispers emerge at what age?

A

3 months

42
Q

Canonical stage begins around what age?

A

6 months

43
Q

Reasons to believe that protophones are precursors to speech

A

Only humans produce them
All normally developing infants produce them before speaking
They occur in developmental sequence
Disruption of protophone development is associated with developmental disorders

44
Q

Linguist who asserted that infant babble was unrelated to the development of speech sounds

A

Jakobson

“Discontinuity Theory”

45
Q

T/F: Vegetative sounds are protophones.

A

False. They are reflexive vocalizations.