Preface Knowledge Flashcards
1
Q
Sagittal (Medial)
A
Divides the body or an organ into right and left sides
Figure 1 (Top) & 2 (Bottom). Anatomical position and body planes.
2
Q
Frontal (Coronal)
A
Divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior sides
Figure 1 (Top) & 2 (Bottom). Anatomical position and body planes.
3
Q
Transverse (Horizontal)
A
Divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior halves
Figure 1 (Top) & 2 (Bottom). Anatomical position and body planes.
4
Q
Oblique
A
Passes through the body or an organ at an oblique angle
Figure 1 (Top) & 2 (Bottom). Anatomical position and body planes.
5
Q
Nasal
A
Anterior nose
1
6
Q
Oral
A
Mouth
2
7
Q
Cervical
A
Neck
3
8
Q
Deltoid
A
Shoulder
4
9
Q
Axillary
A
Armpit
5
10
Q
Brachial
A
Upper arm
6
11
Q
Cubital
A
Elbow
7
12
Q
Abdomen
A
Belly
8
13
Q
Antebrachial
A
Forearm
9
14
Q
Carpal
A
Wrist
10
15
Q
Metacarpal
A
Palm
11
16
Q
Digits
A
Fingers or toes
12
17
Q
Pubic
A
Genital region
13
18
Q
Crural
A
Leg
14
19
Q
Tarsal
A
Ankle
15
20
Q
Metatarsal
A
Foot
16
21
Q
Frontal
A
Forehead
18
22
Q
Orbital
A
Eye
19
23
Q
Buccal
A
Cheek
20
24
Q
Mental
A
Chin
21
25
Sternal
Breastbone
## Footnote
22
26
Pectoral
Chest
## Footnote
23
27
Umbilical
Navel
## Footnote
24
28
Inguinal
Groin
## Footnote
25
29
Femoral
Thigh
## Footnote
26
30
Patellar
Kneecap
## Footnote
27
31
Occipital
Back of head
## Footnote
28
32
Nuchal
Back of neck
## Footnote
29
33
Vertebral
Spinal column
## Footnote
30
34
Lumbar
Lower back
## Footnote
31
35
Sacral
Posterior pelvic region
## Footnote
33
36
Gluteal
Buttocks
## Footnote
34
37
Popliteal
Back of knee
## Footnote
35
38
Plantar
Sole of foot
## Footnote
36
39
Superior
Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure
## Footnote
(1; Cranial)
40
Inferior
Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure
## Footnote
(2; Caudal)
41
Anterior
Nearer to or at the front of the body
## Footnote
(6; Ventral)
42
Posterior
Nearer to or at the back of the body
## Footnote
(5; Dorsal)
43
Medial
Nearer to the midline
44
Lateral
Further from the midline
45
Intermediate
Between two structures
46
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body as another structure
47
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body as another structure
48
Proximal
Closer to the trunk or point of attachment
## Footnote
(7)
49
Distal
Farther from the trunk or point of attachment
## Footnote
(8)
50
Superficial
Toward or on the surface of the body
51
Deep
Deep to the surface of the body
52
Elevation
Elevation is the joint movement that raises bones in the superior direction (i.e. closing your mouth).
## Footnote
A. Elevation is the joint movement that raises bones in the superior direction (i.e. closing your mouth).
53
Depression
Depression is the joint movement that lowers bones in the inferior direction (i.e. lower your mandible to take a bite of food).
## Footnote
A. Depression is the joint movement that lowers bones in the inferior direction (i.e. lower your mandible to take a bite of food).
54
Protraction
Protraction moves a structure anteriorly out of the anatomical position (i.e. being drawn forwards).
## Footnote
D. Protraction moves a structure anteriorly out of the anatomical position (i.e. being drawn forwards).
55
Retraction
Retraction moves structures posteriorly out of the anatomical position (i.e. being drawn backwards).
## Footnote
D. Retraction moves structures posteriorly out of the anatomical position (i.e. being drawn backwards).
56
Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion is the joint movement where the soles of your feet are raised up off the floor and the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is decreased.
## Footnote
E. Dorsiflexion is the joint movement where the soles of your feet are raised up off the floor and the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is decreased.
57
Plantar flexion
Plantar flexion is the joint movement where the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is increased.
## Footnote
E. Plantar flexion is the joint movement where the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is increased.
58
Eversion
Eversion is lateral movement of the ankle to move the foot so that the toes point away from the midline of the body.
## Footnote
F. Eversion is lateral movement of the ankle to move the foot so that the toes point away from the midline of the body.
59
Inversion
Inversion is medial movement of the ankle to move the foot so that the toes point toward the midline of the body.
## Footnote
F. Inversion is medial movement of the ankle to move the foot so that the toes point toward the midline of the body.
60
Opposition
Opposition is touching the tip of the thumb to the tip of any other digit of the same hand.
## Footnote
B. Opposition is touching the tip of the thumb to the tip of any other digit of the same hand.
61
Reposition
Reposition is removal of the tip of the thumb from touching the tip of any other digit on the same hand.
## Footnote
B. Reposition is removal of the tip of the thumb from touching the tip of any other digit on the same hand.
62
Lateral rotation
Lateral rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline of the body.
## Footnote
C. Lateral rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline of the body.
63
Medial rotation
Medial rotation is a rotating movement towards the midline of the body.
## Footnote
C. Medial rotation is a rotating movement towards the midline of the body.
64
Elevation
Elevation is the joint movement that raises bones in the superior direction (i.e. closing your mouth).
## Footnote
A. Elevation is the joint movement that raises bones in the superior direction (i.e. closing your mouth).
65
Depression
Depression is the joint movement that lowers bones in the inferior direction (i.e. lower your mandible to take a bite of food).
## Footnote
A. Depression is the joint movement that lowers bones in the inferior direction (i.e. lower your mandible to take a bite of food).
66
Protraction
Protraction moves a structure anteriorly out of the anatomical position (i.e. being drawn forwards).
## Footnote
D. Protraction moves a structure anteriorly out of the anatomical position (i.e. being drawn forwards).
67
Retraction
Retraction moves structures posteriorly out of the anatomical position (i.e. being drawn backwards).
## Footnote
D. Retraction moves structures posteriorly out of the anatomical position (i.e. being drawn backwards).
68
Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion is the joint movement where the soles of your feet are raised up off the floor and the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is decreased.
## Footnote
E. Dorsiflexion is the joint movement where the soles of your feet are raised up off the floor and the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is decreased.
69
Plantar flexion
Plantar flexion is the joint movement where the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is increased.
## Footnote
E. Plantar flexion is the joint movement where the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is increased.
70
Eversion
Eversion is lateral movement of the ankle to move the foot so that the toes point away from the midline of the body.
## Footnote
F. Eversion is lateral movement of the ankle to move the foot so that the toes point away from the midline of the body.
71
Inversion
Inversion is medial movement of the ankle to move the foot so that the toes point toward the midline of the body.
## Footnote
F. Inversion is medial movement of the ankle to move the foot so that the toes point toward the midline of the body.
72
Opposition
Opposition is touching the tip of the thumb to the tip of any other digit of the same hand.
## Footnote
B. Opposition is touching the tip of the thumb to the tip of any other digit of the same hand.
73
Reposition
Reposition is removal of the tip of the thumb from touching the tip of any other digit on the same hand.
## Footnote
B. Reposition is removal of the tip of the thumb from touching the tip of any other digit on the same hand.
74
Lateral rotation
Lateral rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline of the body.
## Footnote
C. Lateral rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline of the body.
75
Medial rotation
Medial rotation is a rotating movement towards the midline of the body.
## Footnote
C. Medial rotation is a rotating movement towards the midline of the body.
76
Extension
Extension is movement that increases the angle between the bones.
77
Flexion
Flexion is movement that decreases the angle between the articulating bones of a joint.
78
Hyperextension
Hyperextension is a forced extension beyond normal extension and may result in injury to the joint, articulating bones, and regional muscles.
79
Lateral flexion
Lateral flexion is the bending of the vertebral column from side to side.
80
Pronation
Pronation is movement of the hand such that the palm faces posteriorally.
81
Supination
Supination is movement that moves the palm to face anteriorly such that contributes to anatomical position.
82
Abduction
Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body.
83
Adduction
Adduction is movement toward the midline of the body.
84
Circumduction
Circumduction is circular movement at a ball-and-socket joint.
