pregnancy, growth and development

Question 1

a secondary oocyte and a spermatozoon form a zygote that prepares for cell division

Answer 1

fertilization

Question 2

a group of blastomeres created by cleavage divisions

Answer 2

pre-embryo

Question 3

occurs when the blastocyst adheres to and then becomes enclosed within the uterine lining about 7 days after fertilization

Answer 3

implantation

Question 4

the stage of development that results from the cleavage

Answer 4

morula

Question 5

consists of an outer trophoblast and an inner cell mass; stage begins once the zygote arrives in the uterine cavity

Answer 5

blastocyst

Question 6

the outer layer of cells, which separates the outside world from the blastocoele and provides nutrients to the developing embryo

Answer 6

trophoblast

Question 7

begins as a layer of cells spread out around the outer edges of the blastocoele to form a complete pouch; forms from endoderm and mesoderm, it is an important site of blood cell formation

Answer 7

yolk sac

Question 8

begins as cells from the blastodisc migrate around a cavity that separates the inner cell mass from the trophoblast; forms from ectoderm and mesoderm, it encloses the fluid that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo and fetus

Answer 8

amnion

Question 9

fluid contained in the amniotic cavity that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo or fetus

Answer 9

amniotic fluid

Question 10

begins as an outpocketing of the endoderm near the base of the yolk sac; base gives a rise to the urinary bladder; forms from endoderm and mesoderm

Answer 10

allantois

Question 11

forms the interface between fetal and maternal systems

Answer 11

placenta

Question 12

name the 4 extra-embryonic membranes

Answer 12

• yolk sac
• amnion
• allantois
• chorion

Question 13

forms from mesoderm and trophoblast; it surrounds the blastocoele

Answer 13

chorion

Question 14

the connecting stalk between the fetus and the placenta

Answer 14

umbilical cord

Question 15

deoxygenated blood that flows to the placenta

Answer 15

umbilical artieries

Question 16

produced by the placenta, softens the pubic symphysis and dilates the cervix

Answer 16

relaxin

Question 17

begins with the onset of true labor, as the cervix dilates and the fetus begins to move toward the cervical canal

Answer 17

dilation stage

Question 18

begins as the cervix dilates completely and continues until the fetus has completely emerged from the vagina

Answer 18

expulsion stage

Question 19

the uterus gradually contracts, tearing the connections between the endometrium and the placenta and ejecting the placenta

Answer 19

placental stage

Question 20

maintains corpus luteum; keeps producing progestron. stimulates placenta and prevents immune system from rejecting foreign cells

Answer 20

HCG

Question 21

what are the last two organ systems to mature

Answer 21

respiratory and digestive

Question 22

first milk baby receives from mom

Answer 22

colostrum

Question 23

oil from sebaceous glands

Answer 23

sebum

Question 24

inhibits uterus from contracting FSH and LH which starts to decrease progesterone over time which increase proctic gland so uterus starts to contract

Answer 24

progesterone

Question 25

comes from corpusluteum

Answer 25

progesterone and estrogen

Question 26

as placenta matures we get more of this and help with contractions and widening of the vagina

Answer 26

estrogen

Question 27

comes from corpus luteum, relaxs the uterus and pelvis (birth canal)

Answer 27

relaxin

Question 28

hormone from pituitary gland that stimulates uterus causes uterus to contract putting more pressure on cervix

Answer 28

oxytocin

Question 29

forceable explosion of the fetus

Answer 29

parturition

Question 30

triggers uttering contraction (oxytocin)

Answer 30

pituitary hormone

Question 31

the gradual modification of anatomical structures and physiological characteristics during the period from fertilization to maturity

Answer 31

development

Question 32

first two months after fertilization

Answer 32

embryological development

Question 33

begins at the start of the ninth week and continues until birth

Answer 33

fetal development

Question 34

during this period the rudiments of all the major organ systems appear

Answer 34

first trimester

Question 35

development of organs and organ systems, the body shape and proportions change; by the end of this trimester, the fetus looks distinctively human

Answer 35

second trimester

Question 36

the largest gain in fetal weight, major organ systems become fully functional

Answer 36

third trimester

Question 37

begins at birth can continues to maturity

Answer 37

postnatal development

Question 38

the state of full development or completed growth

Answer 38

maturity

Question 39

the cytoplasm of the zygote becomes subdivided among an ever-increasing number of progressively smaller blastomeres

Answer 39

cleavage

Question 40

begins with the attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium of the uterus

Answer 40

implantation

Question 41

migrate along the walls of the amniotic cavity and separate the amniotic cavity from the trophoblast. first step in the formation of the amnion

Answer 41

blastodisc

Question 42

absorbs and distributes nutrients released into the blastocoele by the trophoblast

Answer 42

yolk sac

Question 43

migration of mesoderm around the inner surface of the trophoblast creates this

Answer 43

chorion

Question 44

mesodermal migration around the outside of the amniotic cavity form what

Answer 44

amnion

Question 45

mesodermal migration around the endodermal pouch creates what

Answer 45

yolk sac

Question 46

when the cervix dilates and the fetus begins to shift toward the cervical canal

Answer 46

dilation stage

Question 47

the cervix completes its dilation

Answer 47

expulsion stage

Question 48

muscle tension builds the walls of the partially empty uterus, the uterine contraction tears the connection bw the endometrium and the placenta or afterbirth is ejected

Answer 48

placental stage