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Human A & P > reproductive system > Flashcards

reproductive system Flashcards

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1
Q

reproductive organs that produce gametes and hormones

A

gonads(testis)

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2
Q

secrete fluids into the ducts of the reproductive system or into other excretory ducts

A

accessory glands and organs

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3
Q

perineal structures

A

external genitalia

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4
Q

male gametes produced by the testis

A

spermatozoa

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5
Q

the fluid ejaculate that contains spermatozoa and the secretions of accessory glands of the male reproductive tract

A

semen

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6
Q

contains erectile tissue, deposits sperm in the vagina of the female, and produces pleasurable sensations during sexual activities

A

penis

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7
Q

surrounds the testes

A

scrotum

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8
Q

conducts sperm bw the epididymis and prostate gland

A

ductus deferens

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9
Q

secrete fluid that makes up much of the volume of semen

A

seminal glands

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10
Q

secretes fluid and enzymes

A

prostate gland

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11
Q

secrete fluids that lubricate the tip of the penis

A

bulbo-urethral glands

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12
Q

conducts semen to the exterior

A

urethra

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13
Q

the site of sperm maturation

A

epididymis

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14
Q

what are the complex network of channels that is connected to the seminiferous tubules

A

rete testis

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15
Q

the production of spermatozoa and involves mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis

A

spermatogenesis

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16
Q

what will be produced from each diploid primary spermatocyte

A

4 haploid spermatozoa

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17
Q

the differentiation of immature male gametes into physically mature spermatozoa; spermatozoon production

A

spermatogenesis

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18
Q

produce male sex hormones, or androgens, the most important of which is testosterone

A

interstitial cells

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19
Q

provide nutrients to the developing sperm and form the blood-testis barrier that isolates sperm from the blood

A

nurse cells

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20
Q

receives secretions from the seminal, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands

A

male reproductive tract

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21
Q

lines the epididymis and increases the surface area available for absorption from, and secretion into, the fluid in the lumen

A

stereocilia

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22
Q

erotic thoughts or stimulation of sensory nerves in the genital region leads to an increase in the parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves

A

arousal

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23
Q

occurs as powerful, rhythmic contractions take place in the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles and is associated with male orgasm

A

ejaculation

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24
Q

the site of embryonic and fetal development and of exchange between the maternal and embryonic/fetal bloodstreams; maintains embryo; the normal site of fertilization

A

uterus

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25
delivers an oocyte or embryo to the uterus
uterine tubes
26
the site of sperm deposition; it acts as the birth canal during delivery and provides a passageway for fluids during menstruation
vagina
27
produce milk that nourishes the newborn infant
mammary glands
28
produces oocytes and hormones
ovaries
29
contains erectile tissue, and it produces pleasurable sensations during sexual activities
clitoris
30
contain glands that lubricate the entrance to the vagina
labia
31
immature female gametes
oocytes
32
mature female gametes
ova
33
begins before a woman's birth, accelerates at puberty, and ends at menopause; ovum production
oogenesis
34
white blood cells containing granules that are in the formation of primary follicles
granulosa cells
35
specialized structures in the cortex of the ovaries where both oocyte growth and meiosis I occur
ovarian follicles
36
forms around the primary follicles
thecal cells
37
thecal cells and granulosa cells work together to produce what
estrogens
38
develop as the wall of the follicle thickens and the deeper follicular cells begin secreting fluid that accumulates in small pockets
secondary follicles
39
mature graafian follicle
tertiary follicle
40
expanded central chamber of the tertiary follicle
antrum
41
a protective layer formed from the granulosa cells with the secondary oocyte
corona radiata
42
ovulation marks the end of what an the start of what
- follicular phase | - luteal phase
43
the release of a secondary oocyte, surrounded by cells of the corona radiate, after the rupture of the wall of a tertiary follicle
ovulation
44
secretes progesterone and estrogens; develops in the ovary after ovulation
corpus luteum
45
prepares the uterus for pregnancy by stimulating the maturation of the uterine lining and the secretions of uterine glands
progesterone
46
known as the menstrual cycle that first begins at menarche and continues until menopause
uterine cycle
47
the first phase of the uterine cycle and is marked by degeneration of the functional zone of the uterus
menses
48
the process of endometrial sloughing that occurs during menses
menstruation
49
phase of the uterine cycle during which the functional zone undergoes repair and it thickens
proliferative phase
50
phase of the uterine cycle during which the uterine glands enlarge
secretory phase
51
name the 3 phases of the uterine cycle
- menses - proliferative - secretory
52
the termination of the uterine cycle, at age 45-55
menopause
53
forms the entrance to the inguinal canal
superficial inguinal ring
54
contraction of this muscle during sexual arousal or on exposure to cool temperatures pulls the testes closer to the body
cremaster muscle
55
elevates the testes and causes the characteristic wrinkling of the scrotal surface
dartos muscle
56
lines the scrotal cavity and reduces friction bw opposing surfaces
mesothelium
57
occurs within seminiferous tubules
sperm production
58
essential to the process of spermatogenesis and hormonal regulation and isolates the seminiferous tubules from the general circulation by creating a blood-testis barrier
nurse cells
59
meiosis and spermiogenesis occurs here
luminal compartment
60
the start of the male reproductive tract
epididymis
61
transports spermatozoa, stores spermatozoa for several months. during that time, the spermatozoa remain in a state of suspended animation and have low metabolic rates
ductus deferens
62
antibiotic protein that may help prevent urinary tract infection in males
seminalplasmin
63
secrete a alkaline mucus that helps neutralize any urinary acids that may remain in the urethra and lubricates the tip of the penis
bulbo-urethral glands
64
begins with peristaltic contractions and pushes spermatozoa into the urethra
emission
65
contractions from this are associated with the male orgasm
ejaculation
66
push semen toward the external urethral orifice
bulbocavernosus muscles
67
contractions serve primarily to stiffen the erect penis
ischiocavernosus muscles
68
stimulation of this produces pleasurable sensations during sexual activites
clitoris
69
supports and stabilizes the position of each ovary
mesovarium
70
produced in the cortex
gametes
71
what triggers the start of ovarian cycle
rising levels of FSH
72
where are primary oocytes located
egg nest
73
deliver blood to the basilar zone
straight arteries
74
supply the functional zone
spiral arteries
75
stimulated and sustained by estrogens secreted by the developing ovarian follicles
restoration
76
marked by the degeneration of the functional zone of the endometrium, caused by constriction of the spiral arteries which reduces endometrial blood flow
meses
77
when the epithelial cells of the uterine glands, multiply, and spread across the endometrial restoring the uterine epithelium
proliferative phase
78
begins at the time of ovulation and persists as long as the corpus luteum remains intact. when the corpus luteum stops producing hormones, a new uterine cycle begins
secretory phase
79
uterine cycle that begins at puberty
menstrual cycle
80
milk production
lactation
81
stimulates the production and secretion of FSH and the production but not the secretion of LH
release of GnRH
82
the combination of GnRH and elevated estrogen levels stimulate what
LH secretion
83
begins when FSH stimulates secondary follicles to develop into a tertiary follicle
follicular phase
84
the dominant hormone prior to ovulation
estradiol
85
secretes progesterone
corpus luteum
86
connective tissue in the testis
gubernaculum
87
produces the male sex hormone (testosterone)
interstitial cells
88
secreted by the columnar cells
glycogen
89
base of urinary bladder. secrete alkaline substance, fructose for energy, and prostaglandins
seminal glands
90
stimulates muscle contractions in the female and directs the sperm where to got to the egg
prostaglandins
91
surrounds the urethral, secretes alkaline substance and assist the sperm with fertility
prostate gland
92
sperm and fluids from the glands
semun
93
releases FSH cause meiosis
pituitary
94
intertisial cells stimulating hormone and goes to the testes and produces androgens, produces inhibin
LH
95
begins during fetal development, formation of male organs and descent of testes
testosterone
96
allows primodial follicles to mature
FSA
97
cells goes through 1st stage of miosis
tertiary follicle
98
pass along the egg, fertilization occurs
uterine tube
99
make up vestibule, forms the prepuce over the clitoris
labia minora
100
corresponds to the male penis
clitoris
101
corresponds to the scrotum
labia majora
102
secrete estrogen
follicular cells
103
cause ovulation/ production of corpus luteum
LH
104
egg leaving ovaries
ovulation
105
stimulate maturation of follicle
FSH
106
produces progesterone
corpus luteum
107
causes vascularization in the uterine lining of the uterine wall
progesterone

Human A & P (10 decks)

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