Respiratory System (1)

Question 1

composed of structures involved in ventilation (airflow to and from the lungs) and gas exchange

Answer 1

respiratory system

Question 2

filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air. reabsorbs heat and water from outgoing air

Answer 2

upper respiratory tract

Question 3

conducts air to and from the gas exchange surfaces

Answer 3

lower respiratory tract

Question 4

name the organs of the respiratory system

Answer 4

• nose
• nasal cavity
• paranasal sinuses
• pharynx

Question 5

name the organs of the lower respiratory system

Answer 5

• larynx
• trachea
• bronchus
• bronchiole

Question 6

protects the respiratory mucosa; a series of filtration mechanisms that prevent airway contamination by debris and pathogens

Answer 6

respiratory defense system

Question 7

the underlying layer of areolar tissue that supports the respiratory epithelium and contains mucous glands that discharge secretions onto the epithelial surface

Answer 7

lamina propria

Question 8

divide to replace damaged or aged cells in the epithelium

Answer 8

stem cells

Question 9

lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract

Answer 9

respiratory mucosa

Question 10

the primary passageway for air entering the respiratory system when you are resting and breathing

Answer 10

nose

Question 11

a chamber shared by the digestive and respiratory systems; the throat

Answer 11

pharynx

Question 12

the voice box; protects the glottis and produces sounds

Answer 12

larynx

Question 13

during swallowing this folds back over the entrance to the larynx, preventing the entry of both liquids and solid food into the respiratory tract

Answer 13

epiglottis

Question 14

the windpipe; an airway extending from the larynx to the primary bronchi

Answer 14

trachea

Question 15

stiffens the tracheal walls and protects the airway; prevents the trachea collapse or overexpansion as pressures change within the respiratory system

Answer 15

tracheal cartilages

Question 16

contractions of this reduces the diameter of the trachea, increasing the resistance to airflow

Answer 16

trachealis muscle

Question 17

the smallest subdivisions of the lungs

Answer 17

pulmonary lobules

Question 18

where gas exchange occurs

Answer 18

alveoli

Question 19

squamous epithelial cells that are thin and delicate and are sites of gas diffusion

Answer 19

type 1 pneumocytes

Question 20

cells that produce surfactant

Answer 20

type 2 pneumocytes

Question 21

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body’s interstitial fluids and the external environment

Answer 21

external respiration

Question 22

occurs across the respiratory membrane between alveoli and capillaries, and across capillary walls between blood and other tissues

Answer 22

gas diffusion

Question 23

the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells.

Answer 23

internal respiration

Question 24

breathing; the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs. main function is to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation

Answer 24

pulmonary ventilation

Question 25

inhalation; the movement of air into the respiratory system

Answer 25

inspiration

Question 26

exhalation; breathing out

Answer 26

expiration

Question 27

the amount of air that you can breathe in over and above the tidal volume

Answer 27

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 28

the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions

Answer 28

tidal volume

Question 29

the amount of air that you can voluntarily expel after you have completed a normal quiet respiratory cycle

Answer 29

expiratory reserve volume

Question 30

the amount of air that would remain in your lungs if they were allowed to collapse

Answer 30

minimal volume

Question 31

the total volume of your lungs

Answer 31

total lung capacity

Question 32

the amount of air that remains in your lungs even after a maximal exhalation

Answer 32

residual volume

Question 33

the amount of air remaining in your lungs after you have completed a quiet respiratory cycle

Answer 33

functional residual capacity

Question 34

the maximum amount of air that you can move into or out of your lungs in a single respiratory cycle

Answer 34

vital capacity

Question 35

the amount of air that you can draw into your lungs after you have completed a quiet respiratory cycle

Answer 35

inspiratory capacity