Preventing and Controlling Infectious Disease

Question 1

multiple drug resistant organism (MDROs)

Answer 1

bacteria that has become resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents

cost HC billions of dollars

Question 2

where are MDRO found

Answer 2

acute or long term care facilities

Question 3

how do MDROs spread

Answer 3

hands of HC workers

Question 4

how to prevent MDROs

Answer 4

handing washing, protective clothing, careful use of antibiotics, private rooms, vaccination

Question 5

how susceptible are HC workers to infectious disease

Answer 5

depends on their immunity and occupation

Question 6

what social determinants of health increase chance of infectious diseases

Answer 6

economic status- can’t afford to replace soap, unsanitary living conditions
drug use

Question 7

leading cause of infectious disease deaths in US

Answer 7

lower respiratory infectious

Question 8

only cause of ID that increased in mortality rates,

Answer 8

diarrhea is second

third is HIV

Question 9

epidemic/pandemic

Answer 9

ongoing- HIV,AIDS, TB, malaria
on the rise- hepatitis
nearly eradicated- measles
successfully contained- zika
frequent outbreaks- cholera

Question 10

emerging ID

Answer 10

agents spread to new geographic locations or new populations

a lot of them come from animals
vector borne

SARS, zika, covid, avian influenza

Question 11

factors to outbreaks

Answer 11

traveling
more density of human pop
social inequality

Question 12

reportable data

Answer 12

HAIs
employee illness
CAI
antibiotic usage
culture reports
immunization data
IC education

Question 13

reportable diseases

Answer 13

CDC requires diseases be reported upon dx, by phone or writing, total number of cases if outbreak

Question 14

informed decisions are made based on

Answer 14

info and laws about activities and environment for prevention and control

Question 15

HAI reporting

Answer 15

CDC is primary agency that collects info on HAIs, through NHSN

Question 16

HC associated infection workgroups

Answer 16

AHRQ, CDC, CMS, OPPHP, NCHS,

Question 17

most effective way to stop spread of ID

Answer 17

education, prevention measures, sanitation

Question 18

most ppl recover unless

Answer 18

have underlying issues

Question 19

infection management plan should be developed by

Answer 19

clinical staff, ,establish evidence based national guidelines or expert consensus

outline types of routine surveillance and procedures to limit transmission

Question 20

MACRA Quality payment program

Answer 20

physicians may choose to
participate in an Advanced Payment
Model (APM) or submit data to the Merit-
Based Incentive Payment System (MIP

Question 21

steps of preventing/controlling infectious disease

Answer 21

1. control infections through standard precaution
2. conduct ongoing infection survey and epidemiologic investigation
3. conduct educational and screening programs

Question 22

step 1 control infection through standard precaution

Answer 22

wash hands (single most important way to prevent spread)

wear protective clothing
disinfect equipmentu

Question 23

routes of infection

Answer 23

contact (direct/indirect)
droplet
airborne
insect-borne

Question 24

5 points of hand hygiene

Answer 24

before pt contact
before aseptic task
after body fluid exposure risk
after pt contact
after contact with pt surroundings

Question 25

preventing HAIs

Answer 25

screening ICU hand hygiene cleaning surfaces well ventilation sterilization apart of NPSG

Question 26

step 2: ongoing surveillance

Answer 26

data drives action, epidemiologic investigations any occurrence of infection is evaluated

Question 27

CBI vs HAI

Answer 27

community illness present when entering hospitals ex: norovirus from nursing homes, covid, HIV HAI- acquire illness while in hospital ex: meningitis, surgical inf, pneumonia, TB MRSA (high rates) cdiff

Question 28

HAI parameters

Answer 28

infection occurs up to 48 hrs after admission, up to 3 days after discharge, up to 30 days after operation, in HC facility when pt is admitted for reasons other than infection

Question 29

step 3: education/screening programs

Answer 29

documenting training, promote disease prevention

Question 30

as HC is being shifted to outpt settings, is HAI still concerning

Answer 30

yes still need to emphasize hand washing, facilities have limited capacity for oversight and infection control compared to hospitals, prevention span across COC

Question 31

flowcharts

Answer 31

represents standardized process use process icons/symbols square- human actions performed diamond- must elevate the status of process (yes/no) circle- analysis skips to another common points of process oval- end of process slanted rectangle- must record data

Question 32

consequences of unexpected infection

Answer 32

financial and emotional cost to pts

Question 33

national standards for disease prevention overseen by

Answer 33

WHO, CDC, APIC, APHA, JC

Question 34

managing ID

Answer 34

report to appropriate agencies, management based on infection control plan that is under committee responsibility weekly reviews of incidence should be performed

Question 35

what departments in acute care setting would surveillance and tracking of infection be high priority

Answer 35

surgical unit, newborn nurseries, clinical laboratories, dietary services