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Flashcards in Principles of intervention PP Deck (17)
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1
Q
Levels of Evidence: 
1a: 
1b: a well conducted 
IIa: a systematic review of ?
IIb: a high quality
III: observational studies with
IV: observational studies without
V:
A

systematic meta-analysis of well conducted single randomized control trials

single randomized trial (RCT)

nonrandomized quasi-experimental or single subject studies

quasi-experimental, low quality RCT or single subject

controls

controls

expert opinion/theoretical knowledge

2
Q

EBP principles do NOT:
they do requires us to examine ?

they do require us to be ?
-this is especially true when
this is most especially true when there is?

A

limit us to thee use of clin. practices that have been shown to be efective

our practices to determine what types and what amounts of evidence support

skeptical

  • we do not have strong body of evidentiary support
  • less support for our approach than for alt.
3
Q

3 levels of goals:
basic goal: general goals selected for
-correspond to ?
example=

intermediate goal: greater
-there are ?
example=

specific goals: steps to
-based on child’s
-includes specific ?
example

A

importance for functionality or severity
-long-term obj.
acquiring new grammatical forms

  • specification within basic goal
  • several levels to intermediate goals
  • euxilaries, articles, pronouns

basic goals

  • functional readiness
  • language form,content or use in intermediate goals
  • is, are, the , he , she
4
Q

Continuum of naturalness:

most to least

A

child centered: daily activities, facilitated play

hybrid: milieu therapy, focused stim., script therapy

clinician directed: drill, drill play,modeling

5
Q

Purposes of intervention:
change or eliminate
-rarely possible to
-often difficult to

changing the?

  • improve aspects of ?
  • most common for

Teach ?

  • not ? but ways to ?
  • teaching a ?

influence the ?

  • do not ?
  • can be ?
A

underlying prob.

  • fully remediate prob.
  • identify specific prob.

disorder

  • language function by teaching specific behavior
  • developmental lang. disorders

compensatory strategies

  • specific/accommodate
  • strategy for word finding

environment:
intervene directly
combined with any of the three prior

6
Q

How intervention changes behavior:
facilitation:
-does not ?

maintenance:

induction: without intervention
- difficult to ?

A

accelerate growth or learning
-age level lang. skills

preserves behaviors that are decreasing or disappearing

outcome will not be achieved
-decipher form facilitation

7
Q

In the spirit of Universal design for learning : includes providing access to ?

multiple means of
multiple means of
multiple means of

A

wide range of tools along continuum of naturalness

rep.
expression
engagement

8
Q

Clinician directed model:
… materials will be used
… materials will be used

the .. and .. of ?

acceptable ?
highly?
eliminates 
reinforcement may be
maximized opp. to ?
A

what
how

type and freq./reinforcement

forms of responses

sturctured-often drill based

arbitrary

practice new skills

9
Q
Child centered: 
facilitated?
-clinician arranges the 
-opportunities to learn targeted skills 
-no?
-no ?
clinician ?
good for ?
must learn to?
A

play/indirect language stimulation
-environment/activities so that opp. to learn new skill arise naturally
-tangible reinforcers
-prompts or shaping of incorrect responses
-follows child’s lead
obstinate or unassertive clients
-wait (ascribe intentionally)

10
Q
Child centered interventions: 
self-talk 
parallel talk:
imitation: 
expansion:
extension: 
build-up/breakdown: 
recast sentences: similar to expansions but clinician recasts into ?
A

clinician describes own actions
clinician describes child’ actions
clinician imitates child’s language
clinician takes utterance and adds grammatical/semantic details
clinician takes childs utterance and adds semantic info
clinician expands to full grammatical form then breaks down into phrase sized
diff. type of elaborated sentences

11
Q

Hybrid approach: target?
clinician maintains most of the ? but choosing things that allow for?
clinician uses ?

A

one or small set of specific lang. goals

control in selection of activities and materials/ spontaneous comm. attempts for child

linguistic stimuli to both respond to and model forms targeted

12
Q

Hybrid Approach:
focused stimulation: clinician carefully arranges ?

vertical structuring: Clinciian responds to a child’s incomplete utterance with?

Milieu teaching: focus on ?
-includes

Script therapy: embedding ?
-includes

A

context/environ. so child will more likely produce targets
-high density modeling

contingent question then expansion

environmental arrangement and convention based contexts around child interests
-mand model

targets within a script/routine
-shared interactive book reading

13
Q
Essential ingredients for successful intervention: 
-
-active 
-
-
-
use ?
-
-control ?
-minimize 
-work with
A
intensity 
active engagement 
feedback 
reinforcement 
repetition 
distributed practice 
specificity 
complexity (ZPD)
error responses 
schemas
14
Q

A note about generalization:

you need to ? think about how the skills you are targeting will be
-use exemplars of (how many)
sequential modification: when the intervention environment extends from

use treatment materials similar to ?

use ?
introduce ?
help your client learn how to

A

plan in advance; achievable in other settings outside therapy

target forms and situations (2-3)

one place to another until spontaneous gen. to a new environment occurs

materials in child’s natural environ.

intermittent or delayed reinforcement after targets stabilized

distractor items into your intervention stimuli

self-monitor

15
Q
Multiple Baseline design: 
a way to demonstrate 
use assessment data to 
treat the ?
gather ? 
continue
A

intervention was effective
design target, gen., and control goals

target goals but not others

baseline data on all 3 goal types

monitoring progress on target goals

16
Q

Prevention of lang. disorders in children:

primary:
-proper
-educate
-genetic
-mass
-environmental
-governmental
-eliminate
reduces?

A
health and medical care
public 
counseling
screening and early detection 
quality control 
action 
poverty 

incidence and prevalence

17
Q
secondary and tertiary:
minimizing 
early 
early 
research to identify 
newborn 
preschool and kindergarten 
tertiary prevention =
A
effects of lang. disorders
identification 
intervention 
risk factors and preventative intervention methods 
screening mandates 
screening programs 
rehabilitation