Problem 1 - WEIRD

Question 1

why are there so many cultural differences?

Answer 1

• due to social structure
• caused by economic factors
• schooling, counting systems, language

Question 2

culture - external factors

Answer 2

• distinct language
• habits
• bound to region/area
• philosophy/modes of beliefs
• politics

Question 3

culture - internal factors

Answer 3

• biological differences
• wisdom
• attitudes and values

Question 4

biases towards western cultures

Answer 4

-literature is based on WEIRD research
-95% conducted in Western cultures
-

Question 5

Individualistic, western cultures

-> reasons for independence

Answer 5

• more loose social structure
• hunter/gatherers -> trading, arguments, logical thinking
• hierarchy less important
• middle class

Question 6

collectivistic, eastern

-> reasons for interdependence

Answer 6

• tight social structure, role relations
• agriculture -> need to get along, depend on others -> less arguments, middle-way, less ‘good’ at logical thinking
• more contact to family members during infancy, more emotion-related upraising
• working class

Question 7

talking about the self - brain areas, independent cultures

Answer 7

• MPFC (medial prefrontal cortex)

- ACC (anterior cingulate cortex)

Question 8

talking about self- brain areas, interdependent cultures

Answer 8

• MPFC

- ACC

Question 9

talking about mother - brain areas, independent

Answer 9

-different ones

Question 10

talking about mother - brain areas, interdependent

Answer 10

-MPFC

Question 11

solutions ‘against’ WEIRD

Answer 11

-more diverse samples
-publications from different cultural sources
-credit research with more diverse research pools
-discover/try different research methods
-topic/theory -> check it in different cultures
-

Question 12

attention and perception

east/west

Answer 12

east: focus on field
- > rod and frame test: field dependance
- > more stable approach because of focus on field

west: focus on object
- > rod and frame: object dependance
- > less stable approach because of focus on individualism

Question 13

norm sensitivity hypothesis

Answer 13

• mutual influence between culture and genes
• genetic variability affects the susceptibility to adapt cultural norms
• sensitivity to norms is dependent on certain alleles of particular genes
• certain alleles lead to higher dopamine functioning -> more succeptible to conditioning -> social learning works more efficiently

Question 14

perception - change blindness

east -west

Answer 14

• east: better at detecting changes in field

- west: better at detecting changes in focal objects

Question 15

childres

east-west

Answer 15

east

• children are always around a family member
• share bed with parents, animistic explanation of object/toy/etc

west:
-children are more often on their own, sleep in own bed

Question 16

categorization

east - west

Answer 16

east: relation based categories (e.g cow eating grass)
west: rules, cow and chicken (both are animals)