Process Of Excretion Flashcards
To have an understanding about the excretory system of the human body. (33 cards)
What is called metabolism? Give examples
Summation of all the biological reactions that take place in the human body.
ex:
* Production of carbon dioxide water and energy during cellular respiration.
* Production of Furia Uric acid in protein catabolism in liver
What is called excretion?
Removal of excretory products produced during metabolism from the body.
Why faecal matter is not an excretory product?
Faeces are the undiested end products of the digestion process. Digestion of food is not a biochemical reaction. Therefore faeces is not an excretory product.
What are the main parts of the urinary system?
- Urinary bladder
- Pair of kidneys
- Pair of urters
- Urethra
What is the process of entering blood into the kidneys?
The waste materials in blood eneter through renal arteries are filtered inside the kidney.
What is the structural and functional unit of kidney?
Nephron
What are the three main processes in urine formation?
- Ultrafilteration
- selective re absorption
- secretion
What is called glomerulus?
Each afferent atriole enters into each bowman’s capsule where they further divide forming a dense network of capillaries it is known as glomerulus.
What is called ultra-filteration?
The blood flow through the glomerulus is having a high blood pressure because the diameter of efferent arteriole is smaller than the diameter of afferent arteriole. So blood gets filtered through the wall of glomerulus and the inner wall of the bowman capsule and collected into the cavity of bowman’s capsule. This process is known as ultra filteration
What is called glomerular filtrate?
the fluid during the process of ultra filteration.
what are the molecules that are not filtered to the glomerular filtrate?
Large molecules like plasma proteins and blood cells.
What is similar to the glomerulur filtrate?
blood plasma.
what are the constituents of glomerulur filtrate?
Water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, drugs, various ions, hormones and urea
What is called selective Re absorption?
when glomerulus filtrate moves along the nephron most of the constituents get absorbed again into the blood capillaries associated with nephron, this is called selective reabsorption.
What are the substances that get re absorbed during the selective reabsorption process?
90% of the water, all glucose, amino acids and vitamins, parts of salts, small amount of urea, uric acid and drugs reabsorbs into blood.
What is the volume of the glomerulur filtrate formed during one minute in a healthy person?
120cm³
How much of the glomerulur filtrate is absorbed when it moves along the nephron?
about 95%
How much of the glucose is reabsorbed into the blood capillaries?
100% ( in a healthy person )
What is called secertion? Give some examples for the secreted substances?
Some of the materials in the blood capillaries associated with the nephrons enters the tubules of the nephorn. This process is known as secretion.
e.g:
* Hydorgen ions ( H+)
* Potassium ions ( K+ )
* Ammonium ions ( NH4 + )
* Creatinine
* Drugs
* Vitamin B
Describe the composition of the urine of a healthy human
Water - 96%
Salts - 2%
Urea - 2%
Uric acid - trace
Creatinine - trace
What are the 3 main diseases associated with the urinary system?
- Renal Failure
- Nephritis
- Calculi in kidney and bladder
What is called kidney failure?
Failure of kidneys due to the weakening of urine filteration process in nephrons.
What are the causes for kidney failure?
- Microbial Infections
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Heavy metals ( Mecrcury, arsenic )
What are the basic symptoms of kidney failure?
- Oedema
- Increase of blood pressure due to accumalation of water and salts.
- pH of the blood decreases due to the accumulation of urea and other excretory materials.
