Programming

Question 1

Imperative programming

Answer 1

(C, Python)

• Also called ‘procedural programming’
• Focusses on procedures with statements of small instructions being directly executable on the underlying hardware
• Statements can have side effects on global state

Question 2

The 3 pillars of OOP

Answer 2

• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

Question 3

The 3 programming paradigms

Answer 3

• Imperative programming
• Declarative programming
• Object-oriented programming

Question 4

What is encapsulation?

Answer 4

Two definitions:

• A construct that facilitates bundeling of data with methods (like a ‘class’)
• A mechanism for restricting access to components (like ‘private’)

Question 5

Python sequences

Answer 5

• List: An ordered sequence with objects of any type. Enclosed within square brackets:
  [ ‘abc’, 1, 4.5 ]
• Tuple: An immutable array. Can be enclosed within parentheses:
  ( 1, 4, 5.6, ‘a’ )

Question 6

Python: Reserved keywords

Answer 6

and     assert    break     class     continue
def     del       elif      else      except
exec    finally   for       from      global
if      import    in        is        lambda
not     or        pass      print     raise
return  try       while  float int string

Question 7

Declarative programming

Answer 7

• Is characterized by descriptions of a problem instead of how to solve it in small statements

Two forms:
> Functional programming (Lisp, Haskell)
- Everything is inside functions
- There is no global state, nor side-effects
> Logic programming (SQL, Prolog)
- The compiler/interpreter knows facts and rules
- It can be asked questions