Prokaryotic Micro Exam 1

Question 1

classification

What does “ Does Katrina puts cats on funny green sofas” stand for?

Answer 1

D- domain ( archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes)
K- kingdom
P- phylum
C- class
O- order
F- family
G- genus
S- species

Question 2

cell envelope

what is the cell envelope?

Answer 2

external covering outside the cytoplasm

Question 3

cell envelope

what is the cell envelope composed of?

Answer 3

cell membrane and cell walls

Question 4

cell envelope

gram positive

pentration? thin or thick?

Answer 4

thick cell wall, and has a periplasmic space between the cell membrane and wall, more penetrable

Question 5

cell envelope

gram negative

penetration? thick or thin?

Answer 5

thin layer, outer layer contains lipopolysaccharides, and less pentrable

Question 6

cell membrane stricture

what is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 6

a phospholipid bilayer, with embedded proteins

Question 7

cell membrane structure

what is the purpose of the cell membrane?

energy?

Answer 7

• providing site for energy reactions
• nutrients and processing
• synthesis
• selectively permeable

Question 8

cell wall structure

what is the purpose of the cell wall?

Answer 8

• determines cell shape
• prevents lysis due to changing osmotic pressure
• peptidoglycan

Question 9

gram stain

what color is gram positive?

Answer 9

purple

Question 10

gram stain

what color is gram negative ?

Answer 10

redish pink

Question 11

gram stain

what makes gram positive purple?

Answer 11

crystal violet dye

Question 12

gram stain

what makes gram negative a redish pink color?

Answer 12

counterstain safranin

Question 13

gram stain

what are the steps in a gram stain?

4 steps

Answer 13

step 1) crystal violet (primary dye)
step 2) grams iodine (mordant)
step 3) decolorizer (alcohol)
step 4) safranin (counter stain)

Question 14

bateria structure

what does a bacteria structure consist of?

c, N, P, R, F+P, C+CW+CM

Answer 14

• cytoplasm
• nucleiod
• plasmid
• ribosomes
• flagellum and pilli
• cell wall, membrane and capsule

Question 15

bacteria structure

cytoplasm

Answer 15

• dense gelatinous solution of sugars, amino acids, salts
• 70- 80% water
• serves as a solvent for materials used

Question 16

bacteria structure

nucleiod

Answer 16

hold the DNA ( chromsomes) that contains genetic information

Question 17

bacteria structure

plasmid

Answer 17

• free small circular double stranded DNA
• used in genetic engineering
• readily manipluated and transferred from cell to cell

Question 18

bacteria structure

ribosomes

Answer 18

• made 60% ribsomal RNA and 40% protien
• smaller and less amounts than human ribsomes
  -found in all cells

Question 19

bacteria structure

inclusions and granules

Answer 19

• intercellular nutrients storage area
• used when envoirmental sources are depleted

Question 20

bacteria structures

flagella

Answer 20

• used for mobility

Question 21

bacteria sctructures

pilli

Answer 21

• used to attach to ither bacteria
• found only in gram negative cells
• DNA transfer through conjugation

Question 22

bacteria structure

fimbriae

Answer 22

• used to attach to host cells
• hair like bristles emerging from cell surface

Question 23

bacteria structure

glycocalyx

Answer 23

• slimy surface coating used for attaching
• protects from cells dehydration and nutrient loss

Question 24

flagella

monotrichous

Answer 24

Single for flagellum on one end

Question 25

# Flagella lophotrichous

Answer 25

small bunches emerging from the same site

Question 26

# flagella peritrichous

Answer 26

dispersed over surface of the cell

Question 27

# bacterial internal structures what are endospores? | definition? active? resistance?

Answer 27

- inert resting cells produced by some G+ genera: clostridium, bacillus, sporosarcina - dehydrated and metabolically and active - resistant to ordinary cleaning methods - longevity verges on immortality

Question 28

# bacterial internal structure what are the two life cycles of endospores? | VC and E

Answer 28

1) vegetative cell- metabolically active and growing 2) endospore- when exposed to adverse environment conditions capable of high resistance and very long-term survival

Question 29

# bacterial internal structure what is sporulation?

Answer 29

it is the formation of endospores, it can withstand extremes like heat drying freezing radiation and chemicals

Question 30

# bacterial internal structure what is germination?

Answer 30

when it returns to its vegetative growth

Question 31

# bacterial classification what is a coccus? | couscous

Answer 31

a spherical shaped bacteria

Question 32

# bacterial classification what is a bacillus? | bat

Answer 32

A rod shaped bacteria

Question 33

# Bacterial classification what is a coccobacillus? | oompa loompah

Answer 33

A very short and plump bacteria

Question 34

# bacterial classification what is a vibrio?

Answer 34

A gently curved bacteria

Question 35

# bacterial classification what is a spirillum?

Answer 35

a helical twisted rod

Question 36

# bacterial classification what is a spirochete?

Answer 36

a springlike shaped bacteria

Question 37

# bacterial classification (cocci) what are the different arrangements of cocci? | S, D, T, I, C, SC

Answer 37

- Singles (1) - Diplo (2) - tetrads (4) - irregular - chain, strepto - Sarcina (cubical)

Question 38

# bacteria classification ( Bacilli) what are the possibl arrangements of bacilli? | D, S, P

Answer 38

- Diplo (2) -chains, strepto - palisades