Prostate cancer

Question 1

prostate cancer is a ______ cancer in men

Answer 1

common

Question 2

prostate cancer is ____ in Cancer death

Answer 2

3rd (after lung & colorectal)

Question 3

most men with prostate cancer are _______

Answer 3

older, men with prostate cancer over 85% are over 65 dont often get in young men but if you do tends to be aggressive)

Question 4

why is the diagnosis of prostate cancer usually delayed?

Answer 4

because there are no early mnfts

Question 5

who as it increased risk for prostate cancer?

Answer 5

men over 50

Question 6

98% of prostate cancers are _______

Answer 6

adenocarcinomas

Question 7

what are adenocarcinomas?

Answer 7

malignancy in glandular epithelium

Question 8

patho of prostate cacner?

Answer 8

• approx 98% are adenocarcinomas (glandular epithelial cancer)
  - increase in size of prostate, not as great as BPH
  - peripheral & multicentric (away from urethra)
  - variable appearance
• extension to bladder & seminal vesicles
• metastasis to bone, liver & lungs (via blood & lymph)(richly vascularized and large)

Question 9

when do the mnfts of prostate cancer appear?

Answer 9

after invasion or metastasis

Question 10

how do you diagnose prostate cancer?

Answer 10

• history, physical exam (exclude BPH)

- DRE (digital rectal exam) PSA are screens, PSA can also be used as a diagnostic test

Question 11

how do you diagnose prostate cancer?

Answer 11

• history, physical exam (exclude BPH)
• DRE (digital rectal exam) PSA are screens, PSA can also be used as a diagnostic test
• ultrasound (for location of tumor) ultrasound will guide biopsy (need biopsy for tissue sample, biopsy can be done trans-urethral)

Question 12

what is the problem with using PSA as a diagnostic test

Answer 12

Total PSA will tell you something is going on in prostate doesn’t specify BPH or cancer

Question 13

Treatment of Prostate cancer?

Answer 13

• stage, grade & age based
• if cancer is localized it is low risk (so treatment can be active surveillance)
• anti-androgens (ex. estorgen) (inhibits growth of cancer does not get rid of cancer)
• radical prostatectomey ( removal of prostate & seminal vesicles, usually done in early state)
• radiation

Question 14

treatment of prostate cancer is ____, _____ & ____ based

Answer 14

stage, grade & age based