Prostate Cancer

Question 1

Define prostate cancer

Answer 1

Malignant tumour of the glandular tissue of the prostate gland – adenocarcinoma

Question 2

What are the causes/risk factor of prostate cancer?

Answer 2

• Increasing age >50 years
• Black ethnicity
• Family history
• BRCA2 gene

Question 3

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Answer 3

FUNDHIP
• Frequency
• Urgency
• Nocturia
• Dysuria
• Hesitancy/Haematuria
• Intermittency/Incontinence
• Post-micturition dribbling
• Weak Stream
• Weight loss
• Anorexia
• Lethargy
• Bone pain

Question 4

What are the signs of prostate cancer?

Answer 4

• Asymmetrical, nodular, hard prostate on DRE

Question 5

What investigations are carried out for prostate cancer?

Answer 5

• Bloods
- PSA >4ng/ml
• Transrectal USS and biopsy – 12 biopsies (Gleason score)
• Pelvic MRI
• Bone scan – screen for metastases