Protein andAmino Acid Metabolism

Question 1

What is the building block of proteins?

Answer 1

Amino acids (20 grouped together by peptide linkages

Question 2

What is the structure of amino acids?

Answer 2

Amino (NH2)
Carboxylic (COOH)
Variable side chain (R) group attached to a central a-carbon

Question 3

How is an amino acid classified

Answer 3

By the chain (R) group

Question 4

Essential amino acids

Answer 4

Needed in the diet because the body cannot produce
Without them the body cannot make protein

Question 5

_______ bond forms between any carboxyl and amine groups

Answer 5

Amide

Question 6

What are the 3 primary sources of protein in the body?

Answer 6

Tissue proteins
Exogenous dietary proteins
Endogenous proteins from sloughed cells or in exocrine secretions

Question 7

What are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for pyruvate?

Answer 7

Alanine
Cysteine
Glycine
Serine
Threonine
Tryptophan

Question 8

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for Acetyl CoA?

Answer 8

Isoleucine
Leucine
Tryptophan

Question 9

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for acetoacetyl CoA?

Answer 9

Leucine
Lysine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

Question 10

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for alpha ketoglutarate?

Answer 10

Arginine
Glutamate
Glutamine
Histadine
Proline

Question 11

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for succinyl CoA?

Answer 11

Isoleacine
Methionine
Threonine
Valine

Question 12

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for Fumarate?

Answer 12

Aspartate
Phenoylalanine
Tyrosine

Question 13

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for oxaloacetate?

Answer 13

Asparagine
Aspartate

Question 14

How much animo acids are stored?

Answer 14

35-65 mg/dl

Question 15

______ and ______ are rarely absorbed

Answer 15

Polypeptides
proteins

Question 16

When are amino acids in the blood absorbed?

Answer 16

Within 5-10 minutes by cells throughout the body

Question 17

How are amino acids transported?

Answer 17

Through membrane only by active transport or facilitated diffusion using a carrier mechanism

Question 18

What are the major types of proteins?

Answer 18

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

Question 19

Where do plasma proteins form?

Answer 19

In the liver

Question 20

Flux of amino acids after high-protein meal

Answer 20

Glutamate, aspartate and some BCAAs fuel the gut
60-70% of AA present in portal vein is taken by the liver
Conversion to glucose in the glucneogenic pathway

Question 21

What stimulated glucagon and insulin release?

Answer 21

High protein diet

Question 22

What does glucagon stimulate in the liver?

Answer 22

Gluconeogenesis

Question 23

What does insulin stimulate?

Answer 23

Protein synthesis in the skeletal muscles