Renal Psiology Introduction

Question 1

What are the major functions of the kidney?

Answer 1

1. Filtration and Excretion
2. Homeostasis
3. Endocrine

Question 2

Filtration and excretion

Answer 2

Blood excretion of waste products (urea, creatinine, uric acid) and foreign substances (drugs, food additives) as well as their metabolites

Question 3

What happens if the waste products aren’t excreted?

Answer 3

Leukemia (increase of creatinine and urea)
Uremia (urine in the blood)

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Regulation of water balance, electrolyte balance and acid-base balance

Question 5

What are the endocrine secretions of the kidney?

Answer 5

Renin, erythropoietin, and vitamin D3

Question 6

What does renin do?

Answer 6

Regulates blood pressure

Question 7

What does erythropoietin do?

Answer 7

Regulates RBC production

Question 8

What does vitamin B3 do?

Answer 8

Regulate calcium and phosphorous levels

Question 9

What are the vascular components of the nephron?

Answer 9

Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular capillaries

Question 10

Nephron

Answer 10

Functional and structural unit of the kidney

Question 11

Afferent Arteriole

Answer 11

Carries the blood to the glomerulus

Question 12

Glomerulus

Answer 12

Capillaries that filters protein-free plasma into the tubular component

Question 13

Efferent Arteriole

Answer 13

Carries blood from the glomerulus

Question 14

What are the tubular components of the nephron?

Answer 14

Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule and collecting duct

Question 15

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 15

Collects the glomerular filtrate

Question 16

Proximal Tubule

Answer 16

Reabsorption and secretion of selected substances (filtrate)
Has microvilli

Question 17

Loop of Henle

Answer 17

Establishes an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla
Important for the kidney to produce urine of varying concentration

Question 18

Distal Tubule and collecting duct

Answer 18

Control reabsorption of Na+ and H20, secretion of K+ and H+
Urine leaving collecting duct

Question 19

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Answer 19

A vascular and tubular component
Produces substances involved in the control of kidney function

Question 20

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

Answer 20

Cortical and Juxtaglomerular

Question 21

Cortical nephrons

Answer 21

Glomeruli lie on the outer cortex
Loop of Henle slightly in the medulla
Peritubular capillaries = complex network woven around the tubule

Question 22

Juxtaglomerular nephrons

Answer 22

Glomeruli lie on inner part of cortex next to medulla
Long Loop of Henle that plunges deep in medulla
Peritubular capillaries form loops called vasa recta
F: kidneys ability to concentrate urine

Question 23

What are the 3 process involved in the production of urine?

Answer 23

Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion

Question 24

Glomerular Filtration (GF)

Answer 24

Filtration of protein free plasma from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule

Question 25

What can enter the tubular component of the nephron?

Answer 25

All blood constituents except blood cells and plasma proteins

Question 26

GF in a beagle

Answer 26

In a 10 kg beagle 37 ml of glomerular filtrate is formed in a minute

Question 27

GF in a human

Answer 27

125 ml of glomerular filtrate/ minute is formed 180 L per day

Question 28

Tubular Reabsorption

Answer 28

Selective movement of filtered substances from tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries

Question 29

How much is absorbed?

Answer 29

99% absorbed while 1% excreted in urine

Question 30

Tubular Secretion (TS)

Answer 30

Selective movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen Rapid elimination of substances

Question 31

Inulin

Answer 31

Filtered through glomerulus Not reabsorbed or secreted Filtered plasma cleared of substance (excreted)

Question 32

Glucose

Answer 32

Substance filtered through glomerulus Not secreted and completely reabsorbed (into capillaries)

Question 33

What does glucose in the urine indicate?

Answer 33

Diabetes

Question 34

Urea

Answer 34

Substance filtered through glomerulus Not secreted and partially reabsorbed, partially excreted into urine

Question 35

Hydrogren ion

Answer 35

Filtered from glomerulus and secreted from capillaries to lumen Not reabsorbed by capillaries All the filtered plasma is cleared and peritubular plasma (from secretion) is cleared of substance

Question 36

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 36

Supply the renal tissue Exchanges of fluid with the tubular lumen