Protists Terms

Question 1

Protist ecological importance

Answer 1

nutritional foundation for all life; bottom of the foot chain

Question 2

Protists medicine illness

Answer 2

important illnesses; due to parasitic infections

Question 3

common characteristics of protists

Answer 3

-most abundant in moist habitats
-most of them are microscopic in size

Question 4

protists are ______________

Answer 4

paraphyletic

Question 5

heterotrophs that ingest particles

Answer 5

phagotrophy

Question 6

heterotrophs that rely on uptake of small organic molecules

Answer 6

osmotrophs

Question 7

photosynthetic

Answer 7

autotrophs

Question 8

able to use autotrophy and phagotrophy or osmotrophy depending on conditions

Answer 8

mixotrophs

Question 9

classified by motility

Answer 9

-flagellates
-ciliates
-amoebae

Question 10

used to propel through a wet environment

Answer 10

flagella

Question 11

shorter and more abundant than flagella; hairlike projections

Answer 11

cilia

Question 12

classified by ecological role

Answer 12

-algae
-protozoa
-fungus-like

Question 13

photosynthetic plankton

Answer 13

phytoplankton

Question 14

heterotrophic plankton

Answer 14

zooplankton

Question 15

swimming or floating; occur primarily as single cells, colonies, or short filaments

Answer 15

plankton

Question 16

attached by mucilage to underwater surfaces; produce multicellular bodies; seaweeds

Answer 16

periphyton

Question 17

What pathogen causes Malaria?

Answer 17

plasmodium

Question 18

makes a copy

Answer 18

asexual reproduction

Question 19

variety; increases diversity

Answer 19

sexual reproduction

Question 20

many protists produce __________ with thick, protective walls that remain dormant in bad conditions

Answer 20

cysts

Question 21

Gametic life cycle

Answer 21

-all cells except the gametes are diploid
-gametes produced by meiosis
-asexual reproduction reduces the size of duaghter cells
-sexual reproduction restores maximal size

Question 22

zygotic life cycle

Answer 22

-most unicellular sexually reproducing protists
-haploid cells transform into gametes
-+ & - mating strains
-thick-walled diploid zygotes (survive like cysts)

Question 23

Sporic life cycle

Answer 23

-also known as alternation of generations
-2 types of multicellular organisms
-haploid gametophyte produces gametes
-diploid sporophyte produces spores by meiosis
-many multicellular green and brown seaweeds

Question 24

-related to some of Earth’s earliest eukaryotes
-named for a feeding groove “excavated” into the cells of many representatives
-food particles are taken into cells by phagotrophy
-endocytosis and evolutionary basis for endosymbiosis

Answer 24

Excavata

Question 25

-obtained plastids by primary endosymbiosis -red algae, green algae, glaucophyta, also land plants (not protists) -based on assumption that all primary plastids originated with a single endosymbiotic event

Answer 25

Plantae

Question 26

-ciliophora -dinozoa -apicomplexa -named for saclike membranous vesicle

Answer 26

Alveolata

Question 27

-wide range of algae, protozoa, and fungus-like protists -usually produce flagellated cells at some point -named for distinctive straw like hairs on the surface of flagella

Answer 27

Stramenopila

Question 28

-Have thin, hairlike extensions of the cytoplasm falled filose pseudopodia -Radiolaria and Foraminifera

Answer 28

Rhizaria

Question 29

-many types of amoebae -move using pseudopodia -Entamoeba histolytica -slime molds

Answer 29

Amoebozoa

Question 30

-named for single posterior flagellum on swimming cells -animal and fungal kingdoms -choanoflagellate protists

Answer 30

opisthokonta

Question 31

-feature distinctive collar surrounding flagella -modern protists most related to the common ancestor of animals

Answer 31

choanoflagellate protists