Quiz Questions Flashcards by Madison Allen

Which of these would be an example of an adaptive trait?

An increase in skin pigment concentrations following increased sun exposure during spring break.

A population of lizards exhibiting shorter legs on average after a few generations of colonizing a new habitat full of narrow surfaces.

Thinning of blood after living in a warmer climate for a few years.

Improved marathon times with training.

A population of lizards exhibiting shorter legs on average after a few generations of colonizing a new habitat full of narrow surfaces.

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Which of the following scenarios is an example of phenotypic plasticity?

Birds from two different populations exhibiting the same trait after being raised in different environments.

Birds from two different populations each exhibiting traits of their founder populations after being raised in the same novel environment.

Birds from the same population raised in different environments exhibiting one trait in one environment and a different trait in another.

Birds from the same population exhibiting the same trait after being raised in different environments.

Birds from the same population raised in different environments exhibiting one trait in one environment and a different trait in another.

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What leaf type is adapted to minimize damage from wind and rain?

Simple Leaf

Compound Leaf

Needlelike Leaves

Tendrils

Compound Leaf

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Which of the following is a simple tissue?

Dermal tissue

Sclerenchyma

Phloem

Parenchyma

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Totipotency is the process by which guard cells change shape to open and close the stomata

True

False

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The tissue consisting of cells arranged in a matrix of extracellular fibers and other materials is:

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Vascular tissue

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

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Which of these statements is false?

Larger animals have lower surface area to volume ratios.

Surface area determines the rate at which things diffuse across the membrane into a cell.

For its body size, a mouse requires less food than an elephant to survive.

Volume determines the rate at which nutrients are used and waste is generated.

For its body size, a mouse requires less food than an elephant to survive.

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Which of these shapes would have the lowest surface area to volume ratio?

A leaf

A long noodle

A branching limb

A sphere

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Modified roots that grow from the shoot system are called what?

Pneumatophores

Adventitious roots

Taproots

Rhizomes

Adventitious roots

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Which of these cells are part of the phloem?

Tracheids

Sclereids

Vessel elements

Sieve-tube elements

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The human brain represents what part of a homeostatic system?

Sensor

Effector

Integrator

Antagonist

Integrator

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Which of the following statements is true about countercurrent exchange mechanisms?

Countercurrent exchanges have two fluids flowing in the same direction as each other to maximize heat exchange.

Countercurrent exchangers maintain a gradient between two fluids along their entire length.

Countercurrent exchangers are inefficient at maintaining core body temperatures.

Countercurrent exchange mechanisms allow for fluids to ultimately reach an average temperature between the starting temperature of two fluids.

Countercurrent exchangers maintain a gradient between two fluids along their entire length.

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If the molecules of a gas make up 10% of the total molecules in a volume of air, what is the partial pressure of that gas at a location with an atmospheric pressure of 400 mm Hg?

4000 mm Hg

160 mm Hg

40 mm Hg

53 mm Hg

40 mm Hg

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According to Fick’s law, which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion of a gas?

Reduced temperature

Increased surface area available for diffusion

Reduced difference in partial pressure of the gas across the gas-exchange surface

Increased thickness of the barrier for diffusion

Increased surface area available for diffusion

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Which of these is an example of ram ventilation?

A tuna swimming quickly with its mouth open

A frog forcing air into it’s lungs by compressing its throat/buccal cavity

Performing CPR on a patient that has stopped breathing

Unidirectional airflow in bird lungs

A tuna swimming quickly with its mouth open

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Which of these conditions is not characteristic of gas exchange in the gills of fish?

Countercurrent flow of blood through the capillaries relative to the flow of water over the gull surface.

A slight gradient in partial pressure of oxygen between the water & blood along the entire length of the gill lamellae.

A large difference in oxygen partial pressure between the start and end of the gill lamellae.

Blood and water departing the gill lamellae at a partial pressure that is approximately the average of each of their starting partial pressures.

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Which of these statements is false?

Human lungs remain expanded because the pleural cavity has a slightly lower pressure than atmospheric pressure.

Mammals pump air using positive pressure ventilation.

At rest, exhalation in humans is largely a passive process.

About one-third of the volume of airinhaled does not participate in gas exchange.

Mammals pump air using positive pressure ventilation.

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How many complete inhalation & exhalation cycles are required for a volume of air to completely pass through the bird lung?

One (one inhalation and one exhalation)

Two (two inhalations and two exhalations)

Three (three inhalations and three exhalations)

four (four inhalations and four exhalations)

Two (two inhalations and two exhalations)

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What factor is sensed by neurons leading to the medullary respiratory center of the brain and results in an increased breathing rate?

Increased concentration of hydrogen ions increasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

Increased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

Decreased concentration of hydrogen ions increasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

Decreased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

Increased concentration of hydrogen ions decreasing the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH.

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The tendency of hemoglobin to become more likely to bind additional oxygen after having bound an initial oxygen molecule is called:

oxygen dissociation

homeostatic control

cooperative binding

Bohr shift

cooperative binding

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Water will tend to move from areas of ____________ to areas of _____________.

low water potential; high water potential

low water concentration; high water concentration

high water potential; low water potential

high water concentration; low water concentration

high water potential; low water potential

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The solute potential of a living cell is _____________.

always positive

always negative

dependent on turgor pressure

dependent on temperature

always negative

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A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will _____________.

have no net movement of water into or out of the cell

become flaccid

have net movement out of the cell

have net movement into the cell

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The pressure potential of a living cell is _____________.

always positive

always negative

dependent on turgor pressure

dependent on temperature

always positive

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Pressure potential is higher in ___________ air. dry, warm dry, cool humid, warm humid, cool

humid, cool

Water flows through the xylem of plants by bulk flow driven by forces associated with ____________. translocation the cohesion-tension theory the pressure-flow hypothesis facilitated diffusion

the cohesion-tension theory

The process of _____________ results in material traveling through the plant vascular tissue system in different directions depending on the time of year and growth patterns of the plant. transpiration transduction translocation transportation

translocation

Phloem sap travels through which type of cells? Vessel elements Tracheids Parenchyma Sieve-tube elements

Sieve-tube elements

The metabolism of sieve-tube elements are supported by ___________. stomata tracheids companion cells source cells

companion cells

Differences in _____________ near source & sink tissues generate the necessary force to drive sugar transport from sources to sinks. turgor pressure light exposure metabolic rates surface area-to-volume ratios

turgor pressure

An osmoconformer is an organism where the cells & tissues are ___________ relative to their surrounding environment. hypoosmotic isosmotic hyperosmotic basic

isosmotic

Marine bony fishes ___________ water to/from the environment and _____________ electrolytes to/from the environment. gain; gain gain; lose lose; gain lose; lose

lose; gain

Freshwater fish actively transport electrolytes _____________ their gills and _______________ to control water levels in the body. out of; excrete limited amounts of concentrated urine out of; excrete large amounts of dilute urine into; excrete limited amounts of concentrated urine into; excrete large amounts of dilute urine

into; excrete large amounts of dilute urine

The shark rectal gland involves the presence of a Na+/K+-ATPase and a Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporter in the ____________ membrane and a Chloride channel in the ____________ membrane apical; apical apical; basolateral basolateral; apical basolateral; basolateral

basolateral; apical

Cotransporters move coins against their concentration gradient by way of ________________. primary active transport secondary active transport passive transport aquaporins

secondary active transport

The Na+/K+-ATPase in the shark rectal gland pumps 3 Na+ ions __________________, while it pumps 2 K+ ions ___________________. into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the epithelial cells of the rectal gland into the lumen of the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the lumen of the rectal gland into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland

into the interstitial fluid surrounding the rectal gland; into the epithelial cell of the rectal gland

When a sea bass is in sea water, Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporters are found in the ___________ side of chloride cells, while they are found in the ___________ side when they are found in freshwater. apical; apical apical; basolateral basolateral; apical basolateral; basolateral

basolateral; apical

During regulation of water and electrolyte balance in aniamls, the formation of the initial filtrate is _____________, while the reabsorption process is ____________. not particularly selective; not particularly selective not particularly selective; highly selective highly selective; not particularly selective highly selective; highy selective

not particularly selective; highly selective

In what portion of the loop of Henle is water actively transported out of the nephron into the interstitial fluid? Descending limb Thin ascending limb Thich ascending limb None of the above

None of the above

A dehydrated individual (will/will not) secrete antidiuretic hormone, resulting in aquaporins (being/not being) inserted into the collecting duct. will; being will; not being will not; being will not; not being

will; being

In a reflex response, what is the correct pathway of information between a pain sensor and the withdrawal of your body from the painful stimulus? Sensory neuron -> Brain -> Motor neuron Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Brain -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron Sensory neuron -> Motor neuron

Sensory neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor neuron

Membrane potentials are expressed in terms of _________________ with the _____________ value defined as 0 mV. inside charge relative to outside charge; inside charge inside charge relative to outside charge; outside charge outside charge relative to inside charge; inside charge outside charge relative to inside charge; outside charge

inside charge relative to outside charge; outside charge

The interior of the membrane of a neuron at rest tends to have high concentrations of ____________, while the exterior of the membrane at rest tends to have high concentrations of _____________. sodium ions; potassium ions chloride ions; organic anions sodium ions; chloride ions potassium ions; sodium ions

potassium ions; sodium ions

Na+/K+-ATPases in the membrane of neurons actively pump _________ ions out of the cell for every ____________ ions into the cell. three sodium; two potassium two potassium; three sodium two sodium; three potassium three potassium; two sodium

three sodium; two potassium

The second phase of an action potential is the ____________ phase. depolarization hyperpolarization refractory repolarization

repolarization

Action potentials are _________________. graded responses slow changes to membrane potential all-or-none events permanent changes in membrane potential

all-or-none events

During the depolarization phase of an action potential voltage-gated _________ channels open allowing those ions to rush __________ the neuron. sodium; into sodium out of potassium; into potassium; out of

sodium; into

An action potential does not turn around and travel back in the opposite direction because of the _________________ and ____________________ at adjacent regions of the membrane that just experienced the action potential refractory state; repolarization phase negative feedback; hyperpolarization phase negative feedback; repolarization phase refractory state; hyperpolarization phase

refractory state; hyperpolarization phase

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by the immune system targeting ____________, which results in a(n) ___________ to the speed of action potential propagation in the CNS. schwann cells; decrease schwann cells; increase oligodendrocytes; decrease oligodendrocytes; increase

oligodendrocytes; decrease

Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane is the result of _____________. an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) an action potential summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)

an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Oikos means: Ecology Home Evolution Conservation

Home

What is the number one cause of species declines? Habitat Loss Disease Contaminants Invasive Species

Habitat Loss

What would happen if the Earth’s axis was NOT tilted? The Earth would be hotter There would be no seasons There would be no predominant wind patterns There would be no deserts

There would be no seasons

What does SLOSS stand for? Suitable Land Over Saved Species Single Loss Or Several Saves Single Large Or Several Small Sustainable Land Operations Saving Specie

Single Large Or Several Small

What is the following biome? Tropical Rainforest Savannah Desert Taiga

Desert

What is DDT? An insecticide A radioactive chemical A conservation agency An herbicide

An insecticide

With increasing biodiversity there is increased ecosystem _________. Resistance Resilience Resistance and Resilience Instability

Resistance and Resilience

Which of the following is NOT a reason to protect amphibians? They taste great with butter They play a key role in ecosystems Many contain toxins in their skin They become hermaphrodites at low exposures to Atrazine

They taste great with butter

Which of the following animals is extinct from the state which bears its resemblance on the state flag? Grizzly Bear Polar Bear Brown Bear Black Bea

Grizzly Bear

What is an endemic species? A species that lives in a desert A species that is threatened with extinction A species that lives in a particular region A species that is warm blooded

A species that lives in a particular region

Which of the following is not a marine zone? Photic Aphotic Littoral Neritic

Littoral

Which of the following is lotic? Lake Michigan Missouri River Pacific Ocean Dead Sea

Missouri River

Whales are an example of: Zooplankton Phytoplankton Nekton Limnetic

Nekton

Which of the following is Hamilton’s Rule? dN/dt = rN Br > C B dN/dt = Br

Community resilience refers to: How many species are in the community The extent to which a community remains unchanged during a disturbance How quickly a community recovers following a disturbance The ability of a community to maintain productivity over time.

How quickly a community recovers following a disturbance

Which of the following is an ultimate explanation for behavior? Being a larger male allows for the protection of young Male bulls strike at anything red in color Long tailfins in male swordfish are more attractive mates A goose will instinctually pull an egg back to her nest

Being a larger male allows for the protection of young

What would you predict might happen if you raised a song sparrow in the presence of only a white crowned sparrow adult? It would sing like a white crowned sparrow It would sing like a song sparrow It would not sing It would sing abnormally

It would sing abnormally

Male peacocks have large tails with several colors due to: Intersexual selection Natural selection Intrasexual selection Artificial selection

Intersexual selection

You find in a remote jungle a species of bird where there are two types of males: larger, brightly colored ones and smaller ones that look like females. These smaller males are probably: Territorial males Mutant males Another species of bird Sneaky fuckers

Sneaky fuckers

Optimal foraging theory predicts that: Individuals always attack the largest prey items Individuals have fixed behavior Individuals dance elaborately to impress females Individuals balance costs and benefits when selecting a nest site.

Individuals balance costs and benefits when selecting a nest site.

Which of the following Archaea are parasitic? Crenarchaeota Nanoarchaeota Korarchaeota Euryarchaeota

Nanoarchaeota

A test comes up Gram positive. This means: It has a thick peptidoglycan layer It has a thin peptidoglycan layer It has no peptidoglycan layer It is an Archaea

It has a thick peptidoglycan layer

Which group of bacteria are closely related to mitochondria? α Protobacteria Spirochaetes Actinobacteria Cyanobacteria

α Protobacteria

In Plasmodium, what genetic makeup is a gametocyte? 4N 2N 1N 0N

Which group possesses hydrogenosomes? Plantae Excavata Ciliaphora Rhizaria

Excavata

Which of the following protists have a feeding groove? Plantae Opisthokonta Excavata Ciliaphora

Excavata

What is the trait that Archea and Eukarya share? No membrane bound organelles Contain mitochondria An RNA sequence No peptidoglycan in cell walls

An RNA sequence

Which two groups are most closely related? Eukarya and Archaea Bacteria and Archaea Eukarya and Bacteria None are related

Eukarya and Archaea

All protists are: mixotrophic unicellular monophyletic eukaryotic

eukaryotic

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because ________. bacteria decompose protists protists are photosynthetic protists have a membrane -bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack protists eat bacteria

protists have a membrane -bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack

Amphibians are most closely related to which protist? Opisthokonta Diatoms Proteobacteria Foraminiferans

Opisthokonta

Which of the following groups has a species that causes malaria? Apicomplexa Excavata Stamenopila Kinetoplastid

Apicomplexa

What is responsible for the deliciousness of PBR beer? Mycelia Yeast cells Fungal symbiosis with algae Magic

Yeast cells

Which group of plants are non-vascular? Pteridophytes Lycophytes Mosses Cycads

Mosses

Which of the following structures produces wood in trees? Periderm Phloem Vascular cambium Cork cambium

Vascular cambium

Which group is in plant roots (but not plant cells)? AMF EMF Lichens Periphyton

EMF

Which of the following groups have a feeding groove? Plantae Ciliaphora Excavata Rhizaria

Excavata

Where are cones located on a pine tree? Female cones on top, Male cones on bottom Male cones on top, Female cones on bottom Cones are evenly distributed throughout tree There are no male and female cones

Female cones on top, Male cones on bottom

Which of the following groups removed most of the CO2 from the atmosphere millions of years ago? Bryophytes Lycophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Lycophytes

Which of the following groups is Plasmodium part of? Opisthokonta Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopila

Alveolata

Which of the following is the middle germ layer? Ectoderm Metaderm Mesoderm Meroderm

Mesoderm

Which stage of development best resembles a playground ball? Gastrula Blastula Lastula Zygote

Blastula

What opportunistic fungi often causes death in those with AIDS? Pneomocystis carinii Dermophytes Chytrid Basidiocarps

Pneomocystis carinii

How are fungi similar to animals? Autotrophic All have flagella Store surplus food in glycogen Are phagotrophic

Store surplus food in glycogen

Which of the following groups contain 'sac fungi'? Ascomycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota Chytridiomycota

Ascomycota

Which group is Ephedra californica from? Coniferophyta Gnetophyta Monocots Eudicots

Gnetophyta

Which is most descriptive of AMF? A type of lichen Fungi that live in plant roots but outside the cells Fungi that live in plant roots including inside the cells An deep water rotifer

Fungi that live in plant roots including inside the cells

Which of the following is part fungus part plant? Lichens Paramecium Plasmodium Dr. Kerby

Lichens

Which of the following demonstrate radial symmetry? Sponges Sea anenomes Flatworms Rotifers

Sea anenomes

Which of the following is a paraphyletic group? Eukarya Animalia Prokaryotes Gymnosperms

Prokaryotes