Protocols

Question 1

What is STP?

Answer 1

• Spanning Tree Protocol
• A network protocol that builds a logical loop-free topology for Ethernet networks.
• Prevent bridge loops and the broadcast storms
• Also known as 802.1d

Question 2

What is TCP?

Answer 2

Transmission Control Protocol is a connection-oriented communication using 3 way handshake under Layer 4

Question 3

What is UDP?

Answer 3

• User Datagram Protocol is an unreliable connectionless protocol under Layer4.
• Is great for streaming video and audio.

Question 4

What is ICMP?

Answer 4

• Internet Control Message Protocol (Layer 3)
• Tool to communicate information about network connectivity issues back to the sender.
• Network technicians use for troubleshooting,
• Attackers use to conduct ping scans and network mapping

Question 5

What is GRE protocol?

Answer 5

• Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Protocol
• Tunneling protocol for point to point network or point to multipoint network
• Cisco Proprietory

Question 6

What is IPSec Protocol?

Answer 6

• Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) Protocol (Layer 3)
• Protect data flows between peers through secure connection

Question 7

What is 2 forms of IPSec?

Answer 7

• Authentication Header (AH) - Authentication and Integrity
• Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) - Encryption and Integrity

Question 8

What is EAP?

Answer 8

• Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
• Allows for numerous different mechanisms of authentication
• 802.1x

Question 9

What is L2TP?

Answer 9

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol

Question 10

What is PPTP?

Answer 10

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

Question 11

What is FHRP?

Answer 11

• First Hop Redundancy Protocol
• Automatic failover to a backup router if the primary router fails

Question 12

What is LLDP?

Answer 12

• Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
• Allows devices on a network to advertise themselves and discover information about other devices
• Open standard defined in IEEE 802.1AB

Question 13

What is CDP?

Answer 13

• Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
• Similar to LLDP but for CISCO properties

Question 14

What is VTP?

Answer 14

• VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) - Layer 2
• Ensures that all switches in the VTP domain are aware of all VLANs
• Cisco Proprietory

Question 15

What is NDP?

Answer 15

• Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
• Used to determine Layer 2 addresses on the network

Question 16

What is HSRP?

Answer 16

• Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
• Enables two or more routers to work together

Question 17

What is VRRP?

Answer 17

• Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
• Enables multiple routers to act as a single virtual router

Question 18

What is GLBP?

Answer 18

• Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
• Allows multiple routers to simultaneously forward packets to distribute traffic load

Question 19

What is PTP?

Answer 19

• Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
• Used to synchronize clocks throughout the computer network

Question 20

What is NTS Protocol?

Answer 20

• Network Time Security Protocol (NTS)
• Authenticates the time source and the integrity of received time to prevent malicious tampering

Question 21

What is LACP?

Answer 21

• Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
• Allows network devices to bundle multiple physical links into a single logical link.
• IEEE 802.3ad Standard

Question 22

What is LDAP?

Answer 22

• Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
• Commonly used for centralized authentication and directory services.