Protozoans

Question 1

What is the common name of Giardia?

Answer 1

Giardia

Question 2

What is the predilection site of Giardia?

Answer 2

Small intestines

Question 3

What are the clinical signs of Giardia infection?

Answer 3

Asymptomatic (esp. horses)
Diarrhea
Weight loss

Question 4

What is the route of transmission for Giardia?

Answer 4

Fecal oral

Question 5

What is the life-cycle of Giardia?

Answer 5

Direct

Question 6

How do you diagnose Giardia?

Answer 6

Direct smear
Centrifugal fecal float
ELISA antigen test

Question 7

What is the prepatency period of Giardia?

Answer 7

5-7 days

Question 8

What do you use to treat Giardia?

Answer 8

Fenbendazole

Metronidazole

Question 9

Is Giardia zoonotic?

Answer 9

Yes. It causes diarrhea and weight loss

Question 10

What is the definitive host of Giardia?

Answer 10

Dogs
Cats
Humans

Question 11

What are the definitive host of Tritrichomonas foetus, Tritrichomonas blagburni?

Answer 11

Cattle

Felines

Question 12

What is the common name of Tritrichomonas foetus and T. blagburni?

Answer 12

Tritrichomonas

Question 13

What is the predilection site of Tritrichomonas foetus and T. blagburni?

Answer 13

Large intesting

Question 14

What is the route of transmission of Tritrichomonas foetus and T. blagburni?

Answer 14

Fecal oral

Ingestion of infected slugs

Question 15

Which Tritrichomonas species is newer?

Answer 15

Tritrichomonas blagburni

Question 16

Tritrichomonas is often misdiagnosed as Giardia. How do you differentiate the two?

Answer 16

Tritrichomonas has more of a jerky movement as opposed to Giardia’s falling leaf pattern

Question 17

What are the definitive host of Babesia spp?

Answer 17

Dogs
Horses
Ruminants
Humans
Rarely cats

Question 18

Does Babesia have a common name?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What is the predilection site of Babesia spp?

Answer 19

Red blood cells

Question 20

What are the clinical signs of Babesia?

Answer 20

Dark urine
Fever
Weak
Pale MM
Swollen lymph nodes
Splenomegaly
Moderate to severe hemolytic anemia

Question 21

What is the route of transmission of Babesia spp?

Answer 21

Tick bite
Transplacental in cats
Tainted blood transfusion

Question 22

How do you diagnose Babesia spp?

Answer 22

Blood smear
PCR
IFA

Question 23

Is Babesia spp zoonotic?

Answer 23

Yes.

Humans are dead-end host and are usually asymptomatic with the exception of immunocompromised

Question 24

What are the species of Babesia that is found worldwide?

Answer 24

B. canis vogeli

B. gibsoni

Question 25

What are the species of Babesia to infect humans?

Answer 25

B. microti B. divergens B. duncani

Question 26

What species of ticks spread Babesia?

Answer 26

Rhipicephalus sanguineus Dermacentor reticulatus Haemaphysalis leachi

Question 27

What is the definitive host of Trypanosoma?

Answer 27

``` Cattle Horses Ruminants Rodents Humans ```

Question 28

What is the common name of Trypanosoma spp?

Answer 28

Old World Trypanosomes | Nagana

Question 29

What is the predilection site of Trypanosoma spp?

Answer 29

Blood | Urethra/Vagina

Question 30

What is the vector for Trypanosoma spp?

Answer 30

Tsetse fly

Question 31

What is the definitive host of Cystoisospora?

Answer 31

Canine | Feline

Question 32

What is the common name Cystoisospora?

Answer 32

Coccidia | Isospora

Question 33

What is the predilection site of Cystoisospora?

Answer 33

Small and or Large intestine

Question 34

What are common clinical signs of Cystoisospora spp?

Answer 34

Diarrhea with weight loos, dehydration, rarely hemorrhage

Question 35

What are the clinical signs of animals with severe cases of Cystoisospora?

Answer 35

Anorexia Vomiting Depression Death

Question 36

What is the route of transmission of Cystoisospora?

Answer 36

Fecal-Oral Ingestion of oocysts Ingestion of transport host

Question 37

How do you diagnose Cystoisospora spp?

Answer 37

Centrifugal flotation

Question 38

Is Canine Cystoisospora zoonotic?

Answer 38

No

Question 39

What are the definitive/Paratenic host of Cystoisospora?

Answer 39

Mice Rats Hamsters Other vertebrate animals

Question 40

What are the common Cystoisospora spp in canines?

Answer 40

Cystoisospora canis Cystoisospora ohioensis Cystoisospora neorivolta Cystoisospora burrows

Question 41

What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 41

Cats

Question 42

What is the common name of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 42

Toxo

Question 43

What is the predilection site of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 43

Small intestine

Question 44

Most cats are asymptomatic, what are the occasional symptoms?

Answer 44

Fever Loss of appetite Lethargy

Question 45

What is the route of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 45

Ingestion of infected prey or raw meat | Fecal oral

Question 46

How do you diagnose Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 46

ELISA antibody test

Question 47

Why is diagnosis Toxoplasma gondii via fecal float so difficult?

Answer 47

Because Cats shed the oocyts once in their lifetime and it is hard to capture them on a fecal exam

Question 48

How do you treat Toxoplasmosis gondii?

Answer 48

Clindamycin | Combo with corticosteroids

Question 49

What is the prepatency period when tissue cysts from raw meat is ingested?

Answer 49

3-10 days

Question 50

What is the prepatency period when after ingestion of oocyts from the environment?

Answer 50

19-48 days

Question 51

After the eggs are shed by the cat how long does it take for them to become infective?

Answer 51

1-5 days | Survive for months to years

Question 52

Is Toxoplasma gondii zoonotic?

Answer 52

Yes, causes toxoplasmosis. Pregnant women should not clean the litter box. Humans are more likely to be infected from eating raw or undercooked meat.