Trematodes

Question 1

What are trematodes?

Answer 1

Hermaphrodites

Question 2

What kind of eggs do the females store?

Answer 2

Operculated eggs

Question 3

Where do flukes like to live>

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

When the egg hatches in the water, it releases a ciliated, motile what?

Answer 4

Miracidium

Question 5

What does the miracidium penetrate?

Answer 5

The skin of an aquatic snail.

Question 6

What is required for all flukes?

Answer 6

The aquatic snail

Question 7

What does the miracidium develop into in the skin of the snail?

Answer 7

Sporocyst

Question 8

What is a sporocyst and what develops inside it?

Answer 8

A sack in which the multiple redia develop

Question 9

What are developing in within the single redia that emerges from the snail and into the water?

Answer 9

Cercariae

Question 10

A cercaria can develop in 3 ways. What is the direct method?

Answer 10

Penetrates the skin of the definitive host, travels to the predilection site and becomes the adult

Question 11

If a cercaria attaches to vegetation what happens?

Answer 11

Loses its tail
Forms a cyst to become a metacercaria
The definitive host ingests the vegetation
Cyst is digested and the fluke travels to the predilection site and becomes an adult

Question 12

What happens to the cercaria if it does not attach to the vegetation?

Answer 12

Loses its tail
Penetrates the skin of the intermediate host
Encyst in the muscle
Becomes a metacercaria which is ingested when the definitive host ingests the muscle of the 2nd intermediate host
Cyst is digested
Fluke travels to the predilection site
Becomes an adult

Question 13

What is the common name of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica?

Answer 13

Common liver fluke
Sheep liver fluke
Giant liver fluke

Question 14

What is the host of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica?

Answer 14

Ruminants

Question 15

What is the predilection site of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica?

Answer 15

Biliary ducts in the liver and gallbladder

Question 16

What is the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica?

Answer 16

Ingestion of contaminated vegetation

Question 17

What are the clinical signs of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica

Answer 17

Hepatitis
Cholangitis
Chronic fasciolosis
Anemia
Bottle jaw
Wasting

Question 18

How do you diagnose Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica?

Answer 18

Fecal sedimentation

Question 19

What is the prepatency period of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica?

Answer 19

9-12 weeks

Question 20

Is Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica zoonotic?

Answer 20

Yes. It causes similar symptoms in humans when they ingest contaminated water cress or plants

Question 21

Why is Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica so important?

Answer 21

Because it is the most economically important fluke

Question 22

What is the common name of Platynosomum fastosum?

Answer 22

Lizard poisoning fluke

Question 23

What is the definitive host of Platynosomum fastosum?

Answer 23

Cats

Question 24

What is the route of transmission of Platynosomum fastosum?

Answer 24

Ingestion of 2nd intermediate host (lizards)

Question 25

What is the common name of the Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 25

Salmon poisoning fluke

Question 26

What are the hosts of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 26

DOGS Cats other fish eating mammals

Question 27

What is the route of transmission of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 27

Ingestion of 2nd intermediate host (salmon)

Question 28

What bacterial organism does Nanophyetus salmincola carry?

Answer 28

Neorickettsia helminthoeca. | Causes salmon poisoning and is 90% fatal in dogs

Question 29

Does Nanophyetus salmincola cause clinical signs

Answer 29

No. It is harmless unless it carries bacterial organisms

Question 30

What is the common name of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 30

Lung fluke of cats and dogs

Question 31

What are the hosts of Paragonimus kellicotti

Answer 31

Dogs and cats

Question 32

What is the predilection site of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 32

Lung parenchyma

Question 33

What is the life cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 33

Ingestion of 2nd intermediate host (crayfish)

Question 34

What are the clinical signs of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 34

Coughing Dyspnea Pneumothorax if cysts rupture

Question 35

How do you diagnose Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 35

Fecal float Sedimentation Tracheal wash

Question 36

Is Paragonimus kellicotti zoonotic?

Answer 36

Only if contaminated crayfish are ingested

Question 37

What is the common name of Alaria spp

Answer 37

Intestinal fluke of the dog and cat

Question 38

What are the hosts of Alaria spp?

Answer 38

Dog Cat Wild carnivores

Question 39

What is the predilection site of Alaria spp

Answer 39

Small intestine

Question 40

What is the life cycle of Alaria spp?

Answer 40

Ingestion of 2nd intermediate host (frog, snake, mouse)

Question 41

Is Alaria spp zoonosis?

Answer 41

Yes. It is rare but happens when people consume contaminated frog legs. Causes flu-like symptoms