Pruning

Question 1

Plant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone gibberellin, which among other things regulates cell elongation

Answer 1

Anti-gibberellin

Question 2

Bud at the tip of a twig or shoot

Answer 2

Apical bud

Question 3

Inhibition of lateral buds, decreasing from the top down by a apical buds over many seasons, resulting in trees with an excurrent growth form

Answer 3

Apical control

Question 4

Condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season

Answer 4

Apical dominance

Question 5

When working near electric utilities minimum distances that must be maintained between conductors and other energized equipment and qualified line clearance personnel, or persons other than line clearance personnel, and their bodies are tools. Approach distance is very with qualifications of personnel and with voltages.

Answer 5

Approach distances

Question 6

Cutting away torn or injured bark to leave a cleanly cut edge

Answer 6

Bark tracing

Question 7

Chemical and anatomical barrier formed by the cambium in response to wounding inhibits the spread of decay into xylem tissue formed after the time of wounding wall four in the CODIT model

Answer 7

Barrier zone

Question 8

Best available industry recognized courses of action in consideration of the benefits and limitations based on scientific research and current knowledge and standards

Answer 8

Best management practices BMP’s

Question 9

Secondary shoot or stem in a woody plant

Answer 9

Branch

Question 10

Angle between a branch and stem or parent branch

Answer 10

Branch angle

Question 11

Raised strip of bark at the bottom of a branch union where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem in adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge

Answer 11

Branch bark Ridge

Question 12

Swollen area where a branch joins the trunk or another branch that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch in the trunk

Answer 12

Branch collar

Question 13

Chemically and physically modified tissue within the trunk or parent branch at the base of a smaller subordinate branch that retards the spread of discoloration and decay from the subordinate branch into the trunk or parent branch

Answer 13

Branch protection zone

Question 14

Natural gradual reduction in the diameter of a branch from its point of origin to the tip

Answer 14

Branch taper

Question 15

Thin layers of maristemstic cells that give rise outward to the phloem inward to the xylem which results in secondary growth or increasing diameter of stems and roots

Answer 15

Cambium

Question 16

Main stem of a tree, particularly of an excurrent specimen, a dominant leader

Answer 16

Central leader

Question 17

Sharp device is strapped to a climbers lower legs to assist in climbing poles or trees that are being removed also called spikes, gaffs, hooks or climbers

Answer 17

Climbing spurs

Question 18

Forked branches of nearly the same diameter arising from a common union and lacking a branch collar may have included bark

Answer 18

Codominant branches/stems

Question 19

Cut made just beyond the branch collar without leaving a stub or damaging trunk tissue

Answer 19

Collar cut

Question 20

Natural defense process in trees by which chemical and physical boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay organisms

Answer 20

Compartmentalization

Question 21

Cone bearing tree or other plant that has it seeds in a structure called a cone

Answer 21

Conifer

Question 22

Silvercultural technique in which trees are cut at the ground and allowed the sprout from the stumps used to produce biomass fuel, wood or poles of a particular specification

Answer 22

Coppicing

Question 23

Upper part of a tree consisting of the branches and foliage it’s length is measured from the lowest branch to the top of the tree

Answer 23

Crown

Question 24

Stem of grass or sedge, including the woody, hollow, aerial stem of bamboo

Answer 24

Culm

Question 25

1. The process of decomposition 2. the process of degradation by microorganisms

Answer 25

Decay

Question 26

Rounded or spreading growth habit of the tree crown

Answer 26

Decurrent

Question 27

Selective removal of branches to guide and or discouraged growth in a particular direction

Answer 27

Directional pruning

Question 28

Stem of a tree that grows larger than all other stems and branches

Answer 28

Dominant leader

Question 29

Period of reduced physiological activation in a plant with the potential for reactivation of growth

Answer 29

Dormancy

Question 30

Branch removal technique, consisting of an undercut, and then a top cut usually made farther out on the branch or with a chainsaw directly over the undercut

Answer 30

Drop cut

Question 31

1. Pruning system that develops a plant in a plane, such as along a wall or a fence. 2. Plant trained in that matter. 3. To train plants in that manner.

Answer 31

Espalier

Question 32

Pattern of tree, branching, characterized by a dominant leader and an upright or pyramidical cone shaped crown

Answer 32

Excurrent

Question 33

Pruning cut made through and/or removing the branch collar, causing unnecessary injury to the trunk or parent stem

Answer 33

Flush cut

Question 34

Large divided leaf structure, found in palms and fern

Answer 34

Frond

Question 35

Tool used for pruning twigs and small branches less than .5 inches diameter

Answer 35

Hand pruning shears

Question 36

Pruning cut that removes a branch or a stem between nodes, leaving a stub to a bud or to a live branch that is less than 1/3 the diameter of the stem being removed

Answer 36

Heading cut

Question 37

A non-motorized scissor leg tool used to trim or sheer hedges

Answer 37

Hedge shears

Question 38

A handheld motorized tool with mini cutting teeth used to sheer hedges

Answer 38

Hedge trimmer

Question 39

Bark it becomes embedded in the union between branch and trunk or between codominant, stems, lack wood connections, resulting in a weak structure

Answer 39

Included bark

Question 40

Region of the stem between two successive nodes

Answer 40

Internode

Question 41

Space created by a saw cut, which is the width of the chain or

Answer 41

Kerf

Question 42

Secondary or subordinate branch or route

Answer 42

Lateral

Question 43

Vegetative bud on the side of a stem

Answer 43

Lateral bud

Question 44

Primary terminal shoot or trunk of a tree, large usually upright, stem, stem that dominates a portion of the crown by suppressing lateral branches

Answer 44

Leader

Question 45

Pruning trimming repairing maintaining, removing treating or clearing of trees or the cutting of brush that is within the minimum approach, distance of electric supply lines and equipment, vegetative management work performed by qualified line clearance, arborist, or qualified line clearance, arborist trainees for the construction or maintenance of electric supply lines and or the electric Utility right of Way corridor

Answer 45

Line clearance

Question 47

Poor pruning practice in which an excessive number of branches are removed from the inside and lower part of specific branches or a tree crown, leaving mostly terminal foliage, resulting in poor branch, taper, poor wind, low distribution, and a higher risk of branch failure

Answer 47

Lion tailing

Question 48

Ratio of the height of the tree crown containing live foliage to the overall height of the tree

Answer 48

Live crown ratio

Question 49

Maximum height that a plant is likely to reach under favorable growing conditions

Answer 49

Mature height

Question 50

Pruning with heavy equipment fitted with saws, and other cutting devices

Answer 50

Mechanical pruning

Question 51

Point of a stem from which leaves branches and aerial roots are attached

Answer 51

Node

Question 52

Monocotyledonous plant in the family Arecaceae, usually with an unbranched trunk. Its leaves are arranged around the terminal bud and the vascular bundles are scattered.

Answer 52

Palm

Question 53

Larger branch or stem from which a smaller lateral branch arises

Answer 53

Parent branch

Question 54

1. Removal of dead fraud bases without damaging living trunk tissue 2. Result of a poor pruning cut that allows the bark to tear below the branch attachment.

Answer 54

Peeling

Question 55

In pruning branches that will be left in place for the life of the tree, often forming the initial scaffold framework of a tree

Answer 55

Permanent branches

Question 56

Pruning system that trains, one or more plants to achieve a desired shape or form through a combination of pruning and interweaving or tying small branches to one another or to a preformed frame

Answer 56

Pleaching

Question 57

Knob of wound wood that develops on the end of a Pollarded stem from which shoots emerge

Answer 57

Pollard head

Question 58

Semiformal pruning system that maintains crown size by initial heading of the branches on young trees or young portions of older trees, followed by removal of sprouts to their point of origin at appropriate intervals without disturbing the resulting polar heads

Answer 58

Pollarding

Question 59

Removing branches or occasionally roots from a tree or other plants using approved practices to achieve a specific object

Answer 59

Pruning

Question 60

Time schedule for pruning events in utility arboriculture. It is the time between prunings that is established to provide reasonable clearance.

Answer 60

Pruning cycle

Question 61

Handsaw designed for pruning trees, generally with a bow blade and teeth oriented for cutting on the pull stroke

Answer 61

Pruning saw

Question 62

Selective pruning of lower branches to provide vertical clearance

Answer 62

Raising

Question 63

Natural boundary formed chemically within a tree to separate damaged wood from the existing healthy wood important in the process of compartmentalization

Answer 63

Reaction zone

Question 64

Pruning to decrease height and or spread of a branch or crown

Answer 64

Reduction

Question 65

Pruning cut that removes the larger of two or more branches or stems or one or more codominant stems to a live lateral branch, typically at at least 1/3 diameter of the stem or branch being removed

Answer 65

Reduction cut

Question 66

Removal of overmature, dead or dying stems of a shrub near the ground to stimulate a new stem development

Answer 66

Rejuvenation

Question 67

Cut that removes a branch at its point of origin. a collar cut

Answer 67

Removal cut

Question 68

Pruning to improve the structure form and appearance of trees that have been vandalized, damaged or improperly trimmed

Answer 68

Restoration

Question 69

Process of risk, identification, analysis, and evaluation

Answer 69

Risk assessment

Question 70

Severing roots selectively

Answer 70

Root pruning

Question 71

Single blade blade or multiple blade arrangement that rotates the cut or shred vegetation

Answer 71

Rotary cutting head

Question 72

Pertaining to tree architecture or form a strong and properly spaced arrangement, framework or system of branches throughout them

Answer 72

Scaffold

Question 73

Hook and blade or scissor type hand pruning tool intended for cutting single small diameter stems also called pruning shears, bypass, pruners, or hand pruner

Answer 73

Secateurs

Question 74

Cutting leaves shoots and branches to a desired plane, shape or form using tools designed for that purpose, as with topiary

Answer 74

Shearing

Question 75

New stem or branch growth on a plant

Answer 75

Shoot

Question 76

Dead or dying palm fronds gathered down the stem of a palm, which may be removed for aesthetics or safety reasons

Answer 76

Skirt

Question 77

Detailed plans requirements and statements of particular procedures and or standards used to define and guide work

Answer 77

Specifications

Question 78

Woody structure, bearing foliage and buds that gives rise to other stems

Answer 78

Stem

Question 79

Pruning to influence the orientation, spacing growth, rate, strength of attachment and ultimate size of branches and stems

Answer 79

Structural pruning

Question 80

Portion of a branch or stem remaining after a heading or stub, cut branch, breakage or branch death

Answer 80

Stub

Question 81

Improper pruning cuts, made too far outside the branch bark Ridge or branch collar that leave branch tissue attached to the stem

Answer 81

Stub cuts

Question 82

Prune to reduce the size and ensuing growth of a branch and relation to other branches or leaders

Answer 82

Subordinate

Question 83

Vigorous upright mic shoots that arises from the latent buds below soil level or the graft union

Answer 83

Sucker

Question 84

Branches generally lower branches that are left in place or subordinated, but will be removed later

Answer 84

Temporary branches

Question 85

Bud at the tip of a twig or shoot. Apical bud

Answer 85

Terminal bud

Question 86

Selective removal of live branches to reduce density of branches and foliage

Answer 86

Thinning

Question 87

A formal pruning system that uses a combination of pruning supporting and training branches to orient a plant into a desired shape. Hedging is a subset of topiary.

Answer 87

Topiary

Question 88

Reduction of tree size by cutting live branches and leaders to stubs without regard to long-term tree health or structural integrity

Answer 88

Topping

Question 89

Selective pruning to enable a view from a predetermined point

Answer 89

Vista pruning

Question 90

Upright, epicormic shoot arising from the trunk or branches of a plant above the root graft or soil line incorrectly called a sucker

Answer 90

Watersprout

Question 91

Animals living in a natural and domesticated state

Answer 91

Wildlife

Question 92

Compound applied to tree wounds of pruning cut

Answer 92

Wound dressing

Question 93

Lignified, differentiated tissue produced on woody plants as a response to wounding

Answer 93

Woundwood