PSY2002 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 7 Flashcards
(40 cards)
define automaticity
refer to specific properties of performance than skill (which is more general ability to complete tasks), but is closely related to skill in that it is important component of skill
what type of task can use to measure automatic processing
conflict tasks
name 4 types of conflict task - used in measuring automatic processing
stroop, flanker, simon, go/no-go
what does Stroop measure - what part measure interference, what does RT mean
interference is diff btw/ RTs to congruent and incongruent conditions
slower RTs to incongruent info<congruent when name colours suggest automaticity of word reading interferes with processing of ink colour
what is Flanker task
respond to central arrow
what is Simon task
push named button
what are Norman doors
real-life conflict task
the handle indicate pull but say push - inhib automatic response
outline translation account for stroop task
when naming ink colour, target info (ink colours) needs translation into approp verbal classification modality
but non-target (distractor info) actual word is already in verbal modality
this is translation account of stroop interference
outline Durgin response manipulation of stroop task, involving using computers for respond - method
point to ink patch matching words meaning
point to ink patch matching ink colour
represent perceptual motor task>categorical task requiring translation from verbal info into categorical/visual info
outline Durgin response manipulation of stroop task, involving using computers for respond - results
“reverse stroop effects”= longer RT and more error when have to say word and match
suggest automaticity theory based on act of word-reading is wrong
instead, stimulus-response compatib key to automaticity - all about assoc btw/ stim and resp
attentional manipulation- what happens when ppts pay attention to specific word letter during the stroop (Besner, 1997)
stroop effect eliminated when only 1 letter coloured = suggest paying attention to part of word dont lead to automatic processing of word at semantic level
if directed onto via letter, stroop effect decrease
suggest automaticity of word reading not independent of all other cog process
how where paying attention seem affect whether word reading appears automat
outline speed of processing account of stroop effect, as alternative to automaticity explanations
words processed more quickly than ink colour
stimulus onset asynchrony/speed of processing explanation of stroop effect, what happens if presentation of word and ink colour is staggered (asynchrony)
(Glaser & Glaser) present colour, word components of strop stim at diff time = SOA manip
result- when name ink, stroop effects seen no matter when stimuli presented after ink
suggest speed of word processing faster than for ink proces cannot explain findings, there is more to automaticity than speed of proces
whats relative speed of processing hypothesis?
2 processes (word reading + colour naming carried out parallel. word reading accomplished faster)
assume faster process can interfere with slower, but not vi versa
whats automaticity account for processing controv
certain processes automatic and not reliant on cog resources, and all-or-nothing process is automatic or not
read isola word is example of automatic, other control = slower, depend on processing strategy, require cog resource
can anything become automat with practice - outline MacLeod & Dunbar research method
train ppts name novel shape with colour word
1. baseline naming 4 familiar colour
2. train name 4 novel shape
3. name colours when see shape
4. name shape when sees colour
either 2, 5 or 20hr trainings
can anything become automat with practice - outline MacLeod & Dunbar research results
initial (2hrs)- colour interferes w/ name shape= colour naming are more dominant/automat
5hr- colour interfere with naming shape
extensive (20hr), found shape interf w/ naming colours
suggest neither process are completely automatic/control, however can turn it auto w/ practicing
suggest automaticity dimensional = continuum of automaticity
are habits a skill, how could be differe?
habits are formed more at intermediate computations, so equivalent to that of automaticity in skill
explained as behaviour resulting from S-R assoc
unskilled beh can become habit
outline routine, speed, triggers of habit
rapid, stereotyped, inflexible, ballistic, triggered by enviroment, over learnt S-R
outline more habit like skills characteristic
highly practiced, fast, low attention demands
outline less habit like skills characteristic
sequenced, flexible, intended
outline how typing can be a good example for theory of hierarchical controls
learnt, but fast and accurate via automatic/controlled proc
words interp from info, matched to output, measured by detection of error through mismatch between intended output/actual output
depend on translation of word into motor command for keystroke
error observed via kinesthetic feedback- keystrokes
outline Logan & Crump (2010) condition correct experiment for theory of hierarchical control
ppts copy-typed individual words, receive feedback on action (sometimes say mistake when were correct)
sometimes error corrected
1. self report (aware of performances, or influenced by feedback)
2. inter-key interval (measure typing speeds)
found
able to correctly state were correct, aware made error, didn’t notice for inserted error or corrected error (illusion of authorship)
slower when made real error, not slow when incorrectly told error
give example of illusions of authorship
in typing studies, when inserted error didn’t notice (believed type incorrect), and for corrected error didn’t notice it had been changed (believed had been typing correct)
