PSYC 3350 Cog PSYC

Question 1

What are the two main streams of visual processing?

Answer 1

Dorsal (where) Stream

Ventral (what) Stream

The Dorsal Stream is associated with spatial awareness and motor actions, while the Ventral Stream is involved in identification and memory.

Question 2

What does the Dorsal Stream primarily process?

Answer 2

Spatial awareness and motor actions

The Dorsal Stream is often referred to as the ‘Where’ pathway.

Question 3

What is the main function of the Ventral Stream?

Answer 3

Identification and memory

The Ventral Stream is commonly known as the ‘What’ pathway.

Question 4

What hypothesis explains the dual pathways in visual processing?

Answer 4

Two Stream Hypothesis

This hypothesis suggests that visual information is processed along two distinct pathways in the brain.

Question 5

What is synaesthesia?

Answer 5

A condition where stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to automatic experiences in a second sensory pathway

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For example, perceiving certain sounds as colors.

Question 6

Who is James Wannerton?

Answer 6

A person known for experiencing synaesthesia

He perceives train stations and geographic locations as smells or flavors.

Question 7

Is synaesthesia a learned association?

Answer 7

No, it is a direct perception of the input

Synaesthesia involves automatic sensory experiences rather than learned associations.

Question 8

Can we induce synaesthesia?

Answer 8

Yes, through purely visual stimulus

Research suggests that certain stimuli can trigger synaesthetic experiences.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The Dorsal Stream is often referred to as the _______.

Answer 9

Where pathway

This terminology highlights its role in spatial awareness.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The Ventral Stream is commonly known as the _______.

Answer 10

What pathway

This emphasizes its function in object identification.

Question 11

What feelings can pure visual stimuli evoke in a person?

Answer 11

Feelings of proprioception

Proprioception refers to the sense of body position and movement.

Question 13

What is synaesthesia?

Answer 13

A condition where stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to automatic experiences in a second sensory pathway.

Question 14

What is synaptic pruning?

Answer 14

The process that strengthens used connections in the brain.

Question 15

What is anopia?

Answer 15

Loss of vision.

Question 16

What does the nasal retina do?

Answer 16

Receives input from the outer visual field and is contralateral.

Question 17

What does the temporal retina do?

Answer 17

Receives input from the inner visual field and is ipsilateral.

Question 18

What is the difference between sensation impairment and perception impairment?

Answer 18

Sensation impairment involves visual field loss, while perception impairment involves visual processing deficits without visual field loss.

Question 19

What is blindsight?

Answer 19

Cortical blindness within the visual field where there is a loss of conscious vision to the affected area.

Question 20

What causes blindsight?

Answer 20

Lesion to V1 (primary visual cortex).

Question 21

What is a deficit associated with blindsight?

Answer 21

Loss of conscious vision to affected visual field.

Question 22

How do individuals with blindsight respond to stimuli?

Answer 22

They can guess movements and grab things in blind areas.

Question 23

What is unilateral spatial neglect?

Answer 23

Difficulty noticing information from one side of space due to a contralateral brain lesion.

Question 24

What causes unilateral spatial neglect?

Answer 24

Lesion to parietal/frontal lobes.

Question 25

What is the deficit associated with unilateral spatial neglect?

Answer 25

Loss of spatial attention to the affected visual field.

Question 26

How do individuals with unilateral spatial neglect respond to stimuli?

Answer 26

They ignore one side of the visual field.

Question 27

What does agnosia mean?

Answer 27

Non-knowledge; to not know.

Question 28

What is visual agnosia?

Answer 28

Difficulty recognizing objects that are seen.

Question 29

What are the two types of visual agnosia?

Answer 29

* Form agnosia * Integrative agnosia

Question 30

What is form agnosia?

Answer 30

Difficulty perceiving form features of objects despite available sensory input.

Question 32

What is integrative agnosia?

Answer 32

Inability to discriminate objects despite available sensory input ## Footnote Integrative agnosia involves difficulties in comparing objects against stored representations.

Question 33

What are the two types of agnosia mentioned?

Answer 33

* Form agnosia * Integrative agnosia ## Footnote These types represent different levels of computation in object recognition.

Question 34

What are the stages of object recognition?

Answer 34

* Input processing * Image Comparison * Recognition ## Footnote This process involves comparing retinal images to stored templates.

Question 35

What is prosopagnosia?

Answer 35

Inability to recognize faces, including familiar and one's own ## Footnote Also known as face blindness.

Question 36

What are the three causes of prosopagnosia?

Answer 36

* Congenital * Developmental * Acquired ## Footnote Congenital refers to being from birth, developmental emerges from atypical growth, and acquired results from brain lesions.

Question 37

Where in the brain does atypical development lead to prosopagnosia?

Answer 37

Temporal lobe, particularly in the fusiform face area ## Footnote This area is crucial for face recognition.

Question 38

What is the relationship between autism and face processing?

Answer 38

Difficulty in social information processing, including face recognition ## Footnote Autism affects various aspects of face processing, such as emotion and identity recognition.

Question 39

What is the N170 ERP?

Answer 39

A neural index of face processing ## Footnote It is slower in individuals with autism, indicating potential biomarkers.

Question 40

What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing?

Answer 40

Bottom-up processing relies on sensory input; top-down processing relies on prior knowledge ## Footnote This distinction is crucial in understanding cognitive processes.

Question 41

What are Gestalt principles?

Answer 41

Rules that describe how humans naturally organize visual elements ## Footnote These principles are fundamental in psychology and perception.

Question 42

What is the function of attention?

Answer 42

Attention is a limited resource ## Footnote It helps prioritize sensory information for processing.

Question 43

What are exogenous and endogenous attention?

Answer 43

* Exogenous: driven by external stimuli * Endogenous: driven by internal goals ## Footnote These types of attention affect how we focus on tasks.

Question 44

What are visual processing disorders mentioned?

Answer 44

* Blindsight * Spatial neglect * Anopia ## Footnote These disorders affect how visual information is perceived and processed.

Question 45

What is the difference between form agnosia and integrative agnosia?

Answer 45

Form agnosia involves recognizing shapes; integrative agnosia involves difficulty in relating parts to a whole ## Footnote Both are types of visual agnosia but affect recognition differently.

Question 46

What does constructivist theory tell us about perception?

Answer 46

Perception involves active construction based on sensory input and prior knowledge ## Footnote It contrasts with theories that suggest perception is purely based on sensory data.

Question 47

What is the McGurk effect?

Answer 47

Integration of sensory information to create a unified percept ## Footnote This effect demonstrates how visual input can influence auditory perception.

Question 48

What are the key components of feature integration theory?

Answer 48

Attention helps us recognize objects by binding features together ## Footnote This theory explains how perception of complex objects is achieved.