SP25 PSYC 3350 L14 Language Part 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the Lexical Decision Task?
A task used to decide if an item is a real word or a non-word.
Meyer & Schvaneveldt (1971) demonstrated this task.
What effect does reading order have on word recognition?
It influences recognition; words presented together can lead to faster identification due to priming.
Example: Chair and Table recognized faster than Chair and Helm.
What is priming in the context of word recognition?
The activation of a concept or meaning of a word that spreads in the brain’s network.
What are the two types of processing involved in word recognition?
- Sub-lexical processing
- Lexical processing
What is Phonological Decoding?
The process of sounding out new words, often used by children learning to read.
What is Holistic Word Recognition?
Recognizing real words faster than random letter strings because we process them as whole units.
What is the Word Superiority Effect?
We recognize real words faster than random letter strings because we process them as whole units.
What is the Typoglycemia Effect?
The phenomenon where scrambled letters within a word can still be recognized if the first and last letters remain in place.
What percentage of eye movements go from right to left while reading?
15-20% of eye movements.
What is Segmental Speech Sound Processing?
The sub-lexical route where words are broken into smaller phonetic units.
What is Whole-word phonological processing?
Fast recognition of common words without analyzing each phoneme.
What are Lexical Stress Patterns?
Patterns we rely on to distinguish meaning in words based on their stress and rhythm.
What is Morphological priming?
Seeing or hearing a word stem can speed up recognition of a related word, provided they are semantically related.
What are the two types of past-tense verb inflections in English?
- Regular verbs: Adding -ed
- Irregular verbs: Unpredictable changes
What is the Dual-Route Model?
A model proposing two processing routes for verbs: rule-based for regular verbs and memory-based for irregular verbs.
What is Symbolic Parsing?
A rule-based system that analyzes sentences using grammar rules.
What does the Connectionist Model suggest about language learning?
Inflection and language are learned via pattern recognition, not strict rules.
What is the difference between segmental and holistic processing?
- Segmental: Breaking words into parts
- Holistic: Recognizing whole words quickly
What are key takeaways from past-tense verb processing theories?
- Involves both rules and memory
- Different models explain regular vs. irregular verbs
- Reliance on segmental or holistic strategies
What is the observed lateralization of Broca’s area in individuals with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?
Stronger right-lateralization of Broca’s area
Controls show strong left-lateralization of Broca’s area
What is the main hypothesis regarding the cause of DLD according to the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis?
Abnormalities in the procedural memory system, particularly the basal ganglia
PDH is a domain-general hypothesis
What does domain-general refer to?
Cognitive processes that operate across multiple domains
Examples include attention and working memory
What does domain-specific refer to?
Skills or processes specialized for a particular area of knowledge or behavior
Example includes face processing
What is the role of procedural memory in language according to Ullman & Pierpont?
Supports rule-based actions like grammar
Especially evident in inflectional morphology
