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PSYC228 > PSYC228_Chap14 > Flashcards

PSYC228_Chap14 Flashcards

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1
Q

middle aged adults are

A

often teh happiest
bec time of reflection on what they’ve achieved

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2
Q

changes in mid-life are often in response to

A

significant life events
divorce + career transitions

changes in earlier decades often response to physical growth + maturation

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3
Q

most dramatic changes in adults take place in

A

adolescence + early adulthood

less change in 30s, + stability from middle to late adulthood

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4
Q

middle aged adults tend to stay the same

A

relative to one another

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5
Q

but as a group, middle adults tend to become more

A

easy-going + agreeableness + conscientiousness cont to inc

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6
Q

becoming an adult encourages people to become more

A

goal-directed, prosocial + emotionally stable

: maturity principle

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7
Q

in adulthood, conscientiousness + agreeableness inc and neuroticism

A

deces

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8
Q

personality change happens when middle-aged adults

A

accommodate or chanage their schemas in response to major life events like illnesses, change in marital status, + major career transitions

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9
Q

some people change a lot in mid-life others

A

change less and some not at all

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10
Q

berkeley longitudinal study

A

3 studies
asked what makes mid aged adults diff from each other + do these diffs account for diffs in ways their personalities change in mid-life

factors: verbal ability, gender diffs, timing of life events (like completion of education or marriage)

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11
Q

accommodate

A

adjustment of schemas in response to new experiences

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12
Q

mills longitudinal study

A

helson
changes in women’s peresonalities
changed thruout 20s + became more stable in 30s
working in paid labour force + marital issues (marital tension + divorce) = differences in personality changes

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13
Q

what was accociated with greater self-resported social well-being /sense of social value in mid-life?

A

higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness

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14
Q

greater life satisfaction was associated with higher levels of

A

big 5 personality traits
= higher level of personality maturity

associated with greater inces in life satisfaction in adulthood

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15
Q

personality in mid-life is related to

A

physical health

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16
Q

erikson challenged freud’s contention that

A

personality development was fixed at end of adolescence

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17
Q

erikson said that personal growth at midlife depends on how well an individ is able to resolve 7th psychosocial development:

A

generativity vs stagnation

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18
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

erikson’s 7th stage of psychosocial development

psychosocial crisis as urgency to find something meaningful to do with one’s talents, abilites, + resources

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19
Q

generativity

A

dedication + investment of self + personal resources in promotion of health of society + future generations

people set + strive to meet personal goals that benefit others, society, + future gens

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20
Q

stagnation

A

remaining focused on day-to-day self-centered activities + interests; failure to shift one’s focus + investment to future + other oriented goals

little to no growth + dec in investment in antyhing beyond own immediate interests
remains focused on self + fulfillment of immediate concerns
focused on meeting own needs first + what they can get vs what they can give

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21
Q

relationships in midlife

A

change significantly

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22
Q

launching phase

A

portion of family life cycle that begins when first child leaves home + continues until last child leaves

intersects usually with middle adulthood

vast majority of middle-aged adults have at least begun launching by midlife

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23
Q

empty nest syndrome

A

feelings of distress + depression in midlife as result of losing parental role as adult children become independent

often balanced by gains + losses
associated iwth inc marital satisfaction bec mroe time with spouse

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24
Q

also proprtion of adult children living with midlife parents inc by 50% due to

A

increasingly common financial depedency of adult childrne on parents
boomerang kids - depends on economic power of young adults
associated with unemployment + rates of non-marriage

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25
1/2 of midlife parents are extremely happy with being parents, other 1/2...
feel relational ambivalence = mixed emotions toward adult children 20% of children have at least one physical/emotional problem 35% have 1+ lifestyle behavioural problem mothers = greater ambivalence about lifestyle + behavioural problems fathers = greater ambivalence about physical + emotional problems
26
relational ambivalence
simultaneous + + - feeligns about a relationship mixed feelings
27
childfree
never having birthed or parented a child
28
mens wellbeing associated more with partnership status than
parenthood status
29
voluntarily childfree middleaged adults have higher levels of wellbing than
those who are involuntarily childlesss
30
what % of men + women wish to remain childfree
7-8%
31
women who gave birth first in teens or early 20s reported
lower positive feelings + more negative feelings in midlife
32
majority of middleaged adults' common pursuit
launching children into adulthood
33
what percent of middleaged adults have been continuously married since ealry 20s?
55% many of them have been married for 30yrs or more
34
marital biography
info about number, timing, + duration of marriages in person's life
35
gottman's research
not all marital conflict = bad marital conflict fight constructively or marriage will suffer relationship repair + coming together aftre an argument
36
midlife divorce rates have been
incing in past decades 12% of people betw 50-64yrs will sign divorce papers
37
mean fighting
uses contempt + manipulaiton to control other person
38
fair fighting
based on problem solving with respect to other person's needs
39
3 most common reasons for divorce in midlife
sexual issues (cheating, incompatibility, poor sexual performance, dec physical appearance, homosexuality, inability to have children) abuse diff points of view
40
what is associated with long deliberations before divorce
emotional + psychological risk factors + abuse lack of marital effort/not being there for spouse+ substance use
41
remarriage has a
stabilizing effect after divorce among adults over 40
42
living apart together
when couples have intimate relationship but maintain separate residences
43
sandwich generation
group of caregivers commonly betw ages 40-50, who simultaneously provide care for children + parents dual caregiver roles
44
caregiver
unpaid role that involves taking responsibility for someone with chronic illness or who is approaching the natural end of life
45
kinkeeper
wihtin family person responsible for organizing communications maintaining relationships among famliy memebres carrying out family tradtions + valuing family celebrations
46
conflict betw adult siblings occurs in families in whihc one or both siblings hsa experienced negative life events
divorce psychological problems addiction problems with the law victimization of abuse financial problems
47
mroczek
does emotion change over lifespan? does emotion cont to evolve thruout adulthood? examined levels of emotional expression adults report incly positive feelings with age + fewer negative feeligns, less stress + less neuroticism paradox of well-being
48
emotional expression
verbal or nonverbal behaviour that expresses emotion
49
paradox of well-being
idea that even though aging process is characterized by significant physiological + cognitive dec, adults report feeling emotionally positive remains in effect till mid-70s
50
as adults age, they are more likely to recall images that evoke
positive emotions + less likely to remember images that provoke neg feelings carstensen
51
socio-emotional selectivity theory
carstensen theory that people change their values as they get older, investing more socio-emotional energy in events that they perceiv as meaningful why aging is associated with bias toward recall of positive stimuli draws upon knowledge of cognitive development - processing speed, working memory, other attention + memory functions + takes into account changes in adults' motivations - older people perceiving less time left in their lives - more motivated to invest in present
52
labouvie-vief
cognitive + brain development research suggests that older adults may be more likely to attend to positive rather than negative info bec negative info take smore effort + energy to process
53
cacioppo says
positivity effect due to strucutural changes in brain neural degeneration in limbic system's amygdala - emotional + mental state
54
gross
emotion regulation can be antecedent-focused or response focused get better at both as we get older + become more selective + specific in strategies
55
antecedent-focused emotion regulation
use of emotion regulation strategies before facing a stimulus
56
response-focused emotion regulation
use of emotion regulation strategies, such as self-talk after facing a stimulus
57
one reason why middle aged adults have better overall wellbing than younger adults
better emotion regulation
58
hedonic well-being
emphasizes happiness + life satisfaction + absence of negative feeligns well-being dec to low point in midlife but for some it may go up with stress/worry going down sense of feeling good about + satisfied with one's life while experiencing an absence of neg emotions
59
eudaimonic well-being
individs engagement in leading a productive life, associated with personal growth + fulfillment of one's potential conceptually related but distinct from hedonic well-being fositive functioning of individs associated iwth engagement in meaningful goal pursuits inversely associated with depression
60
absence of well-being associated iwth what biological markers of poor health + physical stress
higher cortisol levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cardiovascular risk + shorter periods of rem sleep
61
mid-life crisis
psychological experience of rocognizing that life is half over + making course corrections to romantic life, career, + living situation to make life more consistent with values + desires levinson said its just a normative transition - taks of integration integrating dominant + non-dominant parts of self
62
facets of eudaimonic well-being
self-acceptance pos relations with others personal growth purpose in life environmental mastery autonomy
63
gender convergence
tendency for both males + females to become more similiar + identify with set cultural gender roles less and less as they age
64
gender crossover
past gender convergence tendency for each sex to adopt traits strongly associated with the opposite gender shift in gender roles
65
with age, women tend to inc in verbal fluency while men
continue to exhibit better visual-spatial proficiency influence communication styles + create gender diffs
66
mid-life transition about
balancing one's character + gaining strength by integrating non-dominant parts of self
67
on average, canadians will have how many careers + jobs?
3 careers + 8 jobs
68
what proportion of the labour market is middle-aged workers?
1/3 (51-60)
69
factors promoting later retirement
entry into labour market at younger age additional training in midlife dismissal or employment change before midlife
70
factors promoting earlier retirement
entry into labour market at young age transition to parenthood at earlier age part-time work before 50 no pension fewer dependent chlidren low-challenge work poor health
71
bridge jobs
less demanding full or part time jobs taken up in midlife that ease transition to retirement over 60% of middle aged workers other 40% of retirees move back into labour force
72
encore career
new career path developed in midlife that combines continued income, personal meaning + social impact typically pay less + fewer benefits, but less stress + more flexibility, + highe rlevels of personal enjoyment

PSYC228 (16 decks)

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