psyc332 ch 8

Question 1

Assignment bias

Answer 1

A threat to internal validity that occurs when the process used to assign different participants to different treatments produces groups of individuals with noticeably different characteristics

Question 2

Betweensubjects design

Answer 2

A research design in which each of the different groups of scores is obtained from a separate group of participants Also known as an independentmeasures design

Question 3

Betweensubjects experimental design

Answer 3

An experimental design using a separate independent group of individuals for each treatment condition being compared Also known as an independentmeasures experimental design

Question 4

Compensatory equalization

Answer 4

A threat to internal validity that occurs when an untreated group demands to receive a treatment that is the same as or equivalent to the treatment received by another group in the research study

Question 5

Compensatory rivalry

Answer 5

A threat to internal validity that occurs when an untreated group learns about special treatment received by another group then works extra hard to show they can perform just as well as that group

Question 6

Differential attrition

Answer 6

A threat to internal validity that occurs when attrition in one group is systematically different from the attrition in another group

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

A threat to internal validity that occurs when a treatment effect spreads from the treatment group to the control group usually from participants talking to each other

Question 8

Independentmeasures t test

Answer 8

In a betweensubjects design a hypothesis test that evaluates the statistical significance of the mean difference between two separate groups of participants

Question 9

Independentmeasures design

Answer 9

A research design in which each of the different groups of scores is obtained from a separate group of participants See betweensubjects design

Question 10

Independentmeasures experimental design

Answer 10

An experimental design using a separate independent group of individuals for each treatment condition being compared See betweensubjects experimental design

Question 11

Individual differences

Answer 11

Characteristics that differ from one participant to another

Question 12

Matching

Answer 12

The assignment of individuals to groups so that a specific variable is balanced or matched across the groups

Question 13

Random assignment

Answer 13

A procedure in which a random process is used to assign participants to treatment conditions

Question 14

Resentful demoralization

Answer 14

A threat to internal validity that occurs when an untreated group learns of special treatment given to another group and becomes less productive and less motivated because they resent the other groups expected superiority

Question 15

Restricted random assignment

Answer 15

A random process for assigning individuals to groups that has a limitation to ensure predetermined characteristics such as equal size for the separate groups

Question 16

Singlefactor multiplegroup design

Answer 16

A research design comparing more than two groups of participants or groups of scores representing more than two levels of the same factor

Question 17

Singlefactor twogroup design

Answer 17

A research design comparing two groups of participants or two groups of scores representing two levels of a factor Also known as the twogroup design

Question 18

Twogroup design

Answer 18

See singlefactor twogroup design

Question 19

Variance within groups

Answer 19

See variance within treatments

Question 20

Variance within treatments

Answer 20

A measure of the differences between scores for a group of individuals who have all received the same treatment The intent is to measure naturally occurring differences that have not been caused by a treatment effect Also known as variance within groups

Question 21

Withinsubjects design

Answer 21

A research design in which the different groups of scores are all obtained from the same group of participants Also known as repeatedmeasures design