PSYCH-04 INT & SURVEY

Question 1

obtains data about opinions, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors using questionnaires or interviews.

Answer 1

Survey Research

Question 2

allows researchers to study private experience, which cannot be directly observed

Answer 2

Survey approach

Question 3

We can efficiently collect large amounts of data

Answer 3

Survey approach

Question 4

allow us to draw inferences about the causes of behavior and can complement laboratory and field experiments.

Answer 4

Surveys

Question 5

does not allow us to test hypotheses about causal relationships because we do not manipulate independent variables and control extraneous variables

Answer 5

Survey approach

Question 6

can be answered using a limited number of alternatives and have a high imposition of units.

Answer 6

Closed questions (structured questions )

Question 7

require that participants respond with more than a yes or 1-10 rating and have a low imposition of units.

Answer 7

Open-ended questions (open questions)

Question 8

The number or percent of responses can be reported for?

Answer 8

Closed questions

Question 9

this type of questions can be analyzed using content analysis, like Yepez’s INTERSECT, in which responses are assigned to categories using objective rules.

Answer 9

Open-ended questions

Question 10

Open-ended questions can be analyzed using content analysis, like?

Answer 10

Yepes’s intersect

Question 11

Keep items simple and unambiguous, and avoid?

Answer 11

double negative

Question 12

Avoid_____________________ that require responses about two or more unrelated ideas.

Answer 12

double-barreled (compound) questions

Question 13

Use this type of response choices.

Answer 13

Exhaustive

Question 14

assigns items to two or more distinct categories that can be named using a shared feature, but does not measure their magnitude.

Answer 14

Nominal

Question 15

measures the magnitude of the dependent variable using ranks, but does not assign precise values.

Answer 15

Ordinal

Question 16

measures the magnitude of the DV using equal intervals between values with no absolute zero point.

Answer 16

Interval

Question 17

measures the magnitude of the dependent variable using equal intervals between values and an absolute zero.

Answer 17

Ratio

Question 18

psychological variables like traits, attitudes, and preferences represent a ?

Answer 18

Continous dimension

Question 19

When working with variables like sociability, psychologists often select the highest scale since it provides more information and allows analysis using more?

Answer 19

Powerful statistics

Question 20

The first survey questions should be:

Answer 20

Relevant to the survey’s central topic
Easy to answer
Interesting
Asnwerable by most respondents
Closed format

Question 21

Whenever possible, use?

Answer 21

Commonly used response options.

Question 22

Avoid this type of questions that might make a response seem embarrassing.

Answer 22

Value-laden

Question 23

are tendencies to respond to questions or test items without regard to their actual wording.

Answer 23

Response Styles

Question 24

People differ in their willingness to answer, position preference, and ?

Answer 24

Yea-saying and nay-saying.

Question 25

the tendency to guess or omit items when unsure.

Answer 25

Willingness to answer

Question 26

is selecting an answer based on its positions.

Answer 26

Position Preference

Question 27

is the plain meaning of the words printed on the page.

Answer 27

Manifest content

Question 28

While we expect subjects to respond to the manifest content of questionnaires, they may ignore it when?

Answer 28

Answering questions about their feelings or attitude.

Question 29

is agreeing with an item regardless of its manifest content.

Answer 29

Yea-saying

Question 30

is disagreeing with an item regardless of its manifest content.

Answer 30

Nay-saying

Question 31

are changes in question interpretation due to their position within a survey.

Answer 31

Context effects

Question 32

This problem is especially likely when two questions are related and not separated by?

Answer 32

Buffer items

Question 33

Is a response set is representing ourselves in a socially appropriate fashion when responding to a question’s latent content (underlying meaning).

Answer 33

Social desirability

Question 34

questions are asked the same way each time. This provides more usable, quantifiable data.

Answer 34

Structured Interviews

Question 35

The interview where can explore interesting topic as they arise. This statement may not be usable for contact analysis.

Answer 35

Unstructured Interviews

Question 36

consists of all people, animals, or objects that share at least one characteristic.

Answer 36

Population

Question 37

Is the subject of the population of interest.

Answer 37

Sample

Question 38

more likely to represent the population (external validity) than a nonprobability sample.

Answer 38

Probability Sample

Question 39

most basic form of probability sampling; a portion of the whole population is selected in an unbiased way; all members of the population being studied must have an equal chance of being selected

Answer 39

Simple Random Sampling

Question 40

all members of the population are known and can be listed in an unbiased way; a research picks the nth person; n is determined by size of population and the desired sample size

Answer 40

Systemic Random Sampling

Question 41

used when populations have distinct subgroups; obtained by randomly sampling from people in each subgroup in the same proportions as they exist in the population

Answer 41

Stratified Random Sampling

Question 42

sample entire clusters or naturally occurring groups that exist within the population; used if individual sampling is impossible due to cost or too large of a population; less reliable

Answer 42

Cluster Sampling

Question 43

selecting subjects in such a way that the odds of their being in the study are known or can be calculated; begin by defining the sample you want to study, then choose an unbiased method for selecting the subjects.

Answer 43

Probability Sampling

Question 44

select samples through predetermined quotas that reflect the makeup of the population

Answer 44

Quota Sampling

Question 45

using any groups who happen to be available

Answer 45

Convenience Sampling

Question 46

when nonrandom samples are selected because the individuals reflect a specific purpose of the study

Answer 46

Purposive Sampling

Question 47

researcher locates one or a few people who fit the criteria and asks these people to find more people

Answer 47

Snowball sampling

Question 48

subjects are not chosen at random

Answer 48

Nonprobability Sampling