What are Neurocognitive Disorders?
- Delirium
- Major and mild neurocognitive disorders
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Frontotemporal
- Vascular
- HIV, Huntington’s, Prion protein disease, Parkinson’s
- Traumatic brain injury
What are some Psychotic Disorders?
- Schizophrenia
- Schizophreniform disorder
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Delusional disorder
- Brief psychotic disorder
- Catatonia
- Schizotypal (personality) disorder
What are the mood Disorders?
Depressive Disorders
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Bipolar disorders
- 1 and 2
- Cyclothymic disorder
What are some “Neuroses”
- Anxiety disorders
- Separation anxiety disorder
- Selective mutism
- Social anxiety disorder
- Panic disorder
- Specific phobia
- Agoraphobia
- Obsessive compulsive and other related
- OCD
- Body Dysmorphic disorder
- Hoarding disorder
- Trichotillomania, excoriation disorder
- Trauma and stressor related disorders
- Somatic symptoms and related disorders
- Dissociative disorders
- Sexual dysfunctions and gender dysphoria
- Feeding and Eating disorders
How what you summarise each ‘cluster’ of the different disorders?
Cluster A (the “odd, eccentric” cluster);
Cluster B (the “dramatic, emotional, erratic” cluster); and,
Cluster C (the “anxious, fearful” cluster).
What disorders are in each cluster (A, B, C)
Cluster A: odd, eccentric
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
- Schizotypal
Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, erratic
- Antisocial
- Borderline
- Histrionic
- Narcissistic
Cluster C: angry, fearful
- Avoidant
- Dependent
- Obsessive-compulsive
What are the types of biological treatments available?
- Pharmacotherapy
- Electroconvulsive therapy
- Psychosurgery
- TMS and deep brain stimulation
What is the goal of pschodynamic therapy and who created this?
Works on the basis that mental symptoms reflect unconscious conflicts which are inducing anxiety, and the goal of therapy is to gain insight into these conflicts.
Created by Sigmund Freud
What are the three main Psychodyamic Techniques?
- Free Association: Patient encouraged to say whatever comes to mind to reveal the underlying issue
- Interpretation: Therapist interprates the thoughts/feelings/emotions of the patient
- Analysis of transference: Patients bring into therapy their past troubled relationships; these are transferred to the therapist
Depression and Mood interview questions to cover?
- General Mood (How’s your mood been? Where’s your average mood on a scale of 1 to 10? When things were well, what was your mood like?)
- Five neuro-vegetative signs and symptoms Sleep, energy, concentration, appetite, libido
- Anhedonia (What things do you usually enjoy doing? Are you still enjoying those things? Have you noticed changes in the way you enjoy things you previously enjoyed?)
- Guilt and Self-blaming (Have you noticed you’ve been blaming yourself more than usual? Have you been more disappointed with yourself than usual? )
- Worthlessness, Suicidality (Have things been so low that you just don’t want to be around anymore? Do you sometimes feel that life is just too much and you would be better off dead? Thoughts and any plans for suicide?
When are you more likely to see a Bipolar patient as an inpatient?
When they are in a depressive phase.
**therefore screen for mania in depressed patients to rule out bipolar** “have you ever felt the opposite of this? During thta time was your energy high despite less sleep?”
Presentation of a patient with Mania?
- More energy despite reduced sleep
- Racing thoughts, fast speech
- Inflated ego, grandiose ideas
Screen for risk in these patients:
- Financial harm, gambling, driving risk, sexually liberated behaviours, drug usage, arguments or fights
Depersonalisation, derealisation and catastrophising are all seen in anxiety disorder…. what do these words mean?
Depersonalisation: feeling of seperating from body
Derealisation: Feeling like surroundings aren’t real
Catastrophising : Feeling like you are dying or going crazy
Psychosis is made of delusions and hallucinations, what are questions to screen for Hallucinations
Auditory
- Have you noticed your mind is playing tricks with you? Hear things when nobody’s there?
Visual
- See things that you know aren’t real?
- Command: if so, do they tell you to do things?
- Derogatory: If so, are they nasty?
- How many voices, what do they say, how loud are they (?/10), how many of them
Psychosis is made of delusions and hallucinations, what are questions to screen for Delusions:
Persecution:
- Do you feel like people are out to get you?
Paranoid:
- Do you feel like people are watching you? Micro chips? Cameras in the room? Do you feel this even when you use drugs/alcohol?
