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21PSY-2AL-E2 KB > Psychopathology: The Cognitive Explanation & Treatment Of Depression TW > Flashcards

Psychopathology: The Cognitive Explanation & Treatment Of Depression TW Flashcards

1
Q

The term ‘cognitive’ refers to…?

A

Internal mental processes / the way we think

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2
Q

The cognitive approach suggests depression is caused by…

A

Negative and irrational thoughts

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3
Q

A student has written the following answer:

“Negative and irrational thoughts cause depression”

Is this correct, or incorrect? Why?

A

Incorrect - negative and irrational thoughts make someone vulnerable to depression

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4
Q

Which cognitive psychologist suggested that vulnerability to depression is caused by irrational thoughts?

A

Ellis

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5
Q

Which cognitive psychologist suggested that vulnerability to depression is caused by negative thoughts ?

A

Beck

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6
Q

Beck’s model of depressive vulnerability is known as…

A

The negative triad

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7
Q

Ellis’ model of depressive vulnerability is known as…

A

The ABC model

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8
Q

Beck suggests that consistent ____________ makes a person vulnerable to depression

A

Negative thinking

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9
Q

Beck’s explanation of depression comes from which psychological approach?

A

Cognitive

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10
Q

How many kinds of negative thinking cause someone to be vulnerable to depression ?

A

3

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11
Q

“I will never achieve anything” is an example of what type of negative view?

A

Negative view about the future

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12
Q

“The world is a hard place” is an example of what type of negative view ?

A

Negative view about the world

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13
Q

“I hate myself” is an example of what kind of negative view ?

A

Negative views about oneself

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14
Q

Beck’s negative triad make someone…

A

Vulnerable to depression

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15
Q

Ellis’ ABC model emphasises the role of ….

A

Irrational thoughts

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16
Q

According to Ellis, irrational thoughts interfere with …

A

Us being happy

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17
Q

According to Ellis, the loss of a job would act as …

A

An activating event

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18
Q

What can an activating event do, according to Ellis?

A

Trigger irrational beliefs

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19
Q

According to Ellis, two types of irrational beliefs are…

A

Musterbation and utopianism

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20
Q

According to Ellis, vulnerability to depression is the __________ of the irrational beliefs

A

Consequence

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21
Q

“The world should be fair” is an example of what irrational belief

A

Utopianism

22
Q

What is an example of a utopianist thought?

A

The world should be fair

23
Q

What is an example of a musterbatory thought

A

I must always achieve perfection

24
Q

“I must always achieve perfection” is an example of what type of belief?

A

Musterbation

25
Q

Beck’s explanation of depression focuses on what type of thoughts

A

Negative

26
Q

Ellis’ explanation of depression focuses on what type of thoughts

A

Irrational

27
Q

Irrational thoughts are associated with which psychologists cognitive explanation of depression?

A

Ellis

28
Q

Negative thoughts are associated with which cognitive psychologist’s explanation of depression

A

Beck

29
Q

Why are Beck and Ellis’ explanations of depression an important part of applied psychology?

A

As they have been used to develop treatments; CBT

30
Q

What is the problem with the cognitive approaches suggestion that depressive vulnerability is caused by negative / irrational thoughts?

A

Cause & effect cannot be established

31
Q

CBT stands for…

A

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

32
Q

What is the cognitive aim of CBT?

A

Identify and challenge negative and irrational thoughts and turn them into more positive ones

33
Q

What is the behavioural aim of CBT?

A

To put more effective behaviours in place

34
Q

What is one strategy used to challenge irrational or negative thoughts ?

A

Empirical / disputing

35
Q

In empirical disupting, the therapist will ask for ___________

A

Evidence

36
Q

What two things will the therapist ask clients to complete during CBT?

A

Homework & diary

37
Q

What is the purpose of the patient completing homework and a diary during CBT?

A

To test the reality of / to challenge their beliefs

38
Q

What is the behavioural strategy in CBT known as?

A

Behavioural activation

39
Q

What is the aim of the behavioural component of CBT?

A

Put more effective behaviours in place

40
Q

How is behavioural activation completed?

A

Encouraging the individual to be more active

41
Q

How is behavioural activation completed?

A

Encouraging the individual to be more active

42
Q

What effect does behavioural activation on the negative thoughts associated with depression?

A

Improves mood, so reduces negative thoughts

43
Q

Who conducted research into the effectiveness of CBT ?

A

March (2007)

44
Q

What group of people did March investigate ?

A

Adolescents with depression

45
Q

What % did March find had improved following CBT ?

A

81 %

46
Q

What % did March find had improved following CBT and anti-depressants ?

A

86%

47
Q

Why does empirical disputing require motivation and commitment?

A

As patients have to complete homework over a long period of time

48
Q

Why may empirical disputing be an inappropriate strategy to use with someone who suffers from depression ?

A

As individuals with depression often lack motivation

49
Q

Is CBT:

A) Past and present focused

B) Past and future focused

C) Present and future focused

A

C) Present and future focused

50
Q

Why may the fact CBT is present and future focused be a problem for those with depression?

A

As they be aware of an issue in their past which they may want to discuss

21PSY-2AL-E2 KB (49 decks)

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