Research Methods: Ethics - KR Flashcards
What is an ethical issue?
when there is a conflict between the rights of participants and conducting research
What does DIPC mean?
Deception, Informed consent, Protection of participants, Confidentiality
Where might we see ethical issues arise?
when there is a conflict between rights of ppts and conducting research
What is meant by Deception?
When participants are not told the true aim of the study?
Why is it sometimes necessary for participants to be deceived in research?
to prevent demand characteristics
Which ethical issue discusses problems with participants not knowing the true aim of research?
Deception
Why might participants be deceived in research?
the prevent demand characteristics
How might participants be deceived?
participants aren’t told the true aim of the research
What is meant by informed consent?
where participants give permissions to take part in the study after being told the true aim of research
When can participants give permission to take part in the study?
when they are told the true aim of research
If participants are told the true aim of the research, what will they also be given?
the right to withdraw
What is needed for participants to fully consent to research?
the true aims of research and their right to withdraw
What is meant by protection of participants?
should be protected from psychological and physical harm
How do we determine whether participants have been affected by psychological/ physical harm?
When the harm exceeds to risk of every day life
What ethical issue is concerned with protection from psychological harm?
protection of participants
What ethical issue is concerned with protection from physical harm?
protection from harm
Why does Zimbardo’s research present the ethical issue of protection from harm?
because 5 participants had to leave the study due to emotional distress and the study had to be cut short from 2 weeks to 6 days
Why does Milgram’s research presents the ethical issue of deception?
participants were told the aim of the research was on punishment and learning when it was on obedience
What is meant by confidentiality?
keeping participants data anonymous
What ethical issue is concerned with keep data anonymous?
confidentiality
How do researchers keep participants confidentiality?
use fake names, use initials
Which example from memory do we have where the researcher has kept participants information anonymous?
Patient KF
Who is the leading governing body for Psychologists in the UK?
British Psychological Society (BPS)
What are the British Psychological Society also known as?
BPS
What has the BPS recommended to psychologists to prevent/ deal with ethical issues?
ethical guidelines
How do we deal with the ethical issue Deception?
provide a debrief, provide them with the right to withdraw, remind ppts that their behaviour is normal, provide counselling services
If consent cant be given within the study, what can be used instead?
retrospective consent
What is meant by retrospective consent?
When we ask participants during the debrief if they wish to remain in the study
If we can’t gain informed consent, what other types of consent can we gain?
presumptive, parental, prior informed consent
What is meant by parental consent?
when the participants are under the age of 16, we ask their parents if they consent
What is meant by presumptive consent?
We ask a similar group of ppts (who will not be taking part) if they would consent to the study
What is meant by prior informed consent?
We get general consent from participants of what COULD happen
Which type of consent do we get when participants are under the age of 16?
Parental consent
Which type of consent is where we ask a similar set of participants would wont take part in the study?
Presumptive consent
How do we resolve the issue of protection from harm?
Debrief, right to withdraw, provide counselling
Suggest 2 other things that needs to be included in the debrief
True aim, how the data is going to be kept confidential, right to withdraw, counselling services
Why can’t the researcher gain parental consent in this research?
participants are over the age of 16
How can psychologists deal with the ethical issues of protection from harm?
Reminded of right to withdraw/ provide counselling services
What ethical issue can you pick out from the scenario and how would you resolve it?
Confidentiality- refer to peter with a fake name or by his initials
What ethical issues may arise from using a questionnaire on stress?
protection from harm, confidentiality
