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21PSY-2AL-E2 KB > Research Methods: Extraneous Variables & Controls > Flashcards

Research Methods: Extraneous Variables & Controls Flashcards

1
Q

An unwanted variable other than the IV that COULD effect the DV is known as…

A

An Extraneous Variable

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2
Q

An extraneous variable is another variable that is not the…

A

Independent Variable that could effect the DV.

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3
Q

What can an extraneous variable do?

A

Effect the DV

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4
Q

Having an extraneous variable in a study would lower which type of validity?

A

Internal validity

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5
Q

If I had low control in my research, why may the internal validity of my study be lowered?

A

Due to an extraneous variable(s)

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6
Q

Name an example that is a situational factors of EVs

A

Task Difficulty

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7
Q

Situational Factors are things to do with the …

A

Environment

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of Participant variables that are EVs

A

Age
Gender
IQ
Eyesight
Hearing

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9
Q

EVs to do with the environment are what type of factors?

A

Situational Factors

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10
Q

EVs to do with the participant e.g. age or IQ is an example of what variables?

A

Participant Variables

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11
Q

Experimenter Variables are things to do with who?

A

The researcher

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12
Q

Give an example of an experimenter variable (keyterm)

A

Investigator effects e.g. tone of voice

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13
Q

Tone of voice & investigator effects are examples of what type of extraneous variable?

A

Experimenter Variables

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14
Q

When an extraneous variable is not controlled and DOES affect the DV - this is known as…

A

A confounding variable

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15
Q

A confounding variable is an extraneous variable that has …

A

NOT been controlled

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16
Q

What is the keyterm for participants changing natural behaviour due to clues given off by the researcher?

A

Demand Characteristics

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17
Q

A demand characteristic is where the researcher gives off … and the participant …

A

Clues

Changes their natural behaviour

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18
Q

What 2 H’s may a participant do to the researcher due to demand characteristics?

A

Help // Hinder

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19
Q

To control demand characteristics - who would we get?

A

Another researcher who does not know the aims

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20
Q

Name the 2 methods of CONTROLLING bias in research

A

Randomisation

Standardisation

21
Q

When standardising - participants will have the the …

A

SAME instructions//environment

22
Q

HOW could I conduct randomisation? Give 2 methods

A

Picking out of a hat

Random computer generator

23
Q

In a study - what 2 aspects should be randomised by picking out of a hat?

A

Order of the task (e.g. word list)

Order of conditions

24
Q

Bias & Demand characteristics are problems (extraneous variables) of experimental ..

A

METHODS

25
Q

Name the issue (extraneous variable) associated with independent groups design

A

Individual Differences

26
Q

Name the issue (extraneous variable) associated with repeated measures design

A

Order Effects

27
Q

Individual Differences is a potential extraneous variable of which experimental design?

A

Independent Groups Design

28
Q

Order Effects is a potential extraneous variable of which experimental design?

A

Repeated Measures Design

29
Q

Order Effects & Individual Differences both reduce which type of validity of experimental designs?

A

Internal Validity

30
Q

Having different participants in different conditions causes what extraneous variable in an independent groups design?

A

Individual Differences

31
Q

Participants taking part in all conditions may perform better or worse because of what extraneous variable associated with repeated measures design?

A

Order Effects

32
Q

Order Effects cause participants to become what? (Name 3)

A

Better

Bored

Fatigued

33
Q

Becoming bored, better or fatigued are what extraneous variable in a repeated measures design?

A

Order Effects

34
Q

Becoming bored, better or fatigued is an extraneous variable associated with which experimental design?

A

Repeated Measures Design

35
Q

Name the control used to reduce individual differences as an extraneous variable in an independent groups design

A

Random Allocation

36
Q

Name the control used to reduce order effects as an extraneous variable in repeated measures design

A

Counterbalancing (ABBA)

37
Q

Random Allocation is a control for what extraneous variable in what design?

A

Individual Differences in Independent groups design

38
Q

Counterbalancing (ABBA) is a control for what extraneous variable in what design?

A

Order Effects in Repeated Measures Design

39
Q

What is the 1st step of Random Allocation as a control for individual differences?

A

Write the names of ppt on equal sizes pieces of paper

40
Q

What is the 2nd step of Random Allocation as a control for individual differences?

A

Put the names on paper into a hat

41
Q

What is the 3rd step of Random Allocation as a control for individual differences?

A

Randomly pick out names of ppt and place half in condition 1 half in condition 2

42
Q

When conducting random allocation, what do I put the names of ppt in once written on equal sized pieces of paper?

A

A hat

43
Q

What do I write on equal sized pieces of paper when conducting random allocation?

A

Names of ppt

44
Q

What is the purpose of counterbalancing?

A

To reduce order effects

45
Q

How to I reduce order effects?

A

Counterbalancing

46
Q

Once counterbalancing has been conducted, what happens to the order effects?

A

They are BALANCED OUT across conditions

47
Q

How do I minimise order effects by balancing them out across conditions?

A

Counterbalancing (ABBA)

48
Q

When a researcher uses counterbalancing, what is the order of conditions for the first half of participants and the order for the second half of participants

A

First half condition A to condition B
Second half condition B to condition A

21PSY-2AL-E2 KB (49 decks)

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